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Blood, 1 December 2002, Vol. 100, No. 12, pp. 4001-4010
HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
Transcriptional activation of endoglin and
transforming growth factor- signaling components by cooperative
interaction between Sp1 and KLF6: their potential role in the
response to vascular injury
Luisa M. Botella,
Tilman Sánchez-Elsner,
Francisco Sanz-Rodriguez,
Soichi Kojima,
Jun Shimada,
Mercedes Guerrero-Esteo,
Michael P. Cooreman,
Vlad Ratziu,
Carmen Langa,
Calvin P. H. Vary,
Jose R. Ramírez,
Scott Friedman, and
Carmelo Bernabéu
From the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas,
Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid,
Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Sciences, Riken, Wako,
Saitama, Japan; Servicio Anatomía
Patológica, Hospital Gómez Ulla, Madrid,
Spain; Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Maine Medical Center
Research Institute, Scarborough, ME.
Endoglin is an endothelial membrane glycoprotein involved in
cardiovascular morphogenesis and vascular remodeling. It associates with transforming growth factor- (TGF- ) signaling receptors to
bind TGF- family members, forming a functional receptor complex. Arterial injury leads to up-regulation of endoglin, but the
underlying regulatory events are unknown. The transcription factor
KLF6, an immediate-early response gene induced in endothelial cells during vascular injury, transactivates TGF- , TGF- signaling receptors, and TGF- -stimulated genes. KLF6 and, subsequently, endoglin were colocalized to vascular endothelium (ie, expressed in the
same cell type) following carotid balloon injury in rats. After
endothelial denudation, KLF6 was induced and translocated to the
nucleus; this was followed 6 hours later by increased endoglin expression. Transient overexpression of KLF6, but not Egr-1, stimulated endogenous endoglin mRNA and transactivated the endoglin
promoter. This transactivation was dependent on a GC-rich tract
required for basal activity of the endoglin promoter driven
by the related GC box binding protein, Sp1. In cells lacking Sp1 and
KLF6, transfected KLF6 and Sp1 cooperatively transactivated the
endoglin promoter and those of collagen 1(I),
urokinase-type plasminogen activator, TGF- 1, and TGF-
receptor type 1. Direct physical interaction between Sp1 and KLF6
was documented by coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments, and the
GAL4 one-hybrid system, mapping the KLF6 interaction to the C-terminal
domain of Sp1. These data provide evidence that injury-induced KLF6 and
preexisting Sp1 may cooperate in regulating the expression of endoglin
and related members of the TGF- signaling complex in vascular repair.

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