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Blood, 15 July 2002, Vol. 100, No. 2, pp. 451-457
HEMATOPOIESIS
Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal bone marrow for quantitative
definition of the human fetal stem cell compartment
Jannine Wilpshaar,
Elizabeth C. Joekes,
Frans T. H. Lim,
Gijs A. M. Van
Leeuwen,
Pieter J. Van den
Boogaard,
Humphrey H. H. Kanhai,
Roel Willemze, and
J. H. Frederik Falkenburg
From the Departments of Hematology, Obstetrics, and
Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and
Department of Pathology, Rijnland Hospital, Leiderdorp, The
Netherlands.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to distinguish bone
marrow (BM) from cartilage and may therefore be used to measure BM
volume in intact bones. We used MRI to measure the total human fetal BM
volume in intact fetuses during the second trimester of pregnancy and
determined the contribution of the individual bones to the total
compartment. The total BM volume ranged from 934 µL at 17 to 18 weeks
to 4563 µL at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation. The largest contributor to
the total BM volume was the spine, constituting 26.4% ± 2.7% of
the total volume. By analyzing leukocyte content and percentages of
CD34+ cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes of
determined volumes, absolute numbers of these cell populations in BM
could be measured. The cellular composition of the BM compartment did not significantly change throughout the second trimester of gestation. Absolute white blood cell counts per fetus increased from
111 × 106 at 16 to 17 weeks to
1229 × 106 at 21 to 22 weeks. The absolute numbers of
CD34+ cells increased from 25 × 106 at 16 to
17 weeks to 256 × 106 at 21 to 22 weeks. Similar
analysis of liver and spleen revealed comparable absolute numbers of
CD34+ cells in BM and liver throughout the second trimester
of gestation. In fetal liver, CD34+ cells differentiate
into red cells, myeloid cells, and platelets, while lymphopoiesis
mainly occurs in BM or spleen. Combining MRI and cell counts provides a
method to quantify specific cell populations in fetal compartments.
This study may enable better evaluation of fetal diagnostics and therapies.
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