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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 29, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1767.
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Blood, 1 October 2002, Vol. 100, No. 7, pp. 2303-2320
REVIEW ARTICLE
Use of epoetin in patients with cancer: evidence-based clinical
practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
and the American Society of Hematology
J. Douglas Rizzo,
Alan E. Lichtin,
Steven H. Woolf,
Jerome Seidenfeld,
Charles L. Bennett,
David Cella,
Benjamin Djulbegovic,
Matthew J. Goode,
Ann A. Jakubowski,
Stephanie J. Lee,
Carole B. Miller,
Mark U. Rarick,
David H. Regan,
George P. Browman, and
Michael
S. Gordon
From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI;
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, VA; Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
Technology Evaluation Center, Chicago, IL; VA Chicago Health Care
System, Chicago, IL; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute at the University of
South Florida, Tampa, FL; Mesa, AZ (patient representative); Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, MA; Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD; NW Kaiser
Permanente, Portland, OR; Northwest Cancer Specialists, Portland, OR;
Hamilton Regional Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Phoenix, AZ.
Anemia resulting from cancer or its treatment is an important
clinical problem increasingly treated with the recombinant
hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin. To address uncertainties
regarding indications and efficacy, the American Society of Clinical
Oncology and the American Society of Hematology developed an
evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of epoetin in
patients with cancer. The guideline panel found good evidence to
recommend use of epoetin as a treatment option for patients with
chemotherapy-associated anemia with a hemoglobin (Hgb)
concentration below 10 g/dL. Use of epoetin for patients with
less severe anemia (Hgb level below 12 g/dL but never below 10 g/dL)
should be determined by clinical circumstances. Good evidence from
clinical trials supports the use of subcutaneous epoetin thrice weekly
(150 U/kg) for a minimum of 4 weeks. Less strong evidence supports an
alternative weekly (40 000 U/wk) dosing regimen, based on common
clinical practice. With either administration schedule, dose escalation
should be considered for those not responding to the initial dose. In
the absence of response, continuing epoetin beyond 6-8 weeks does not
appear to be beneficial. Epoetin should be titrated once the hemoglobin
concentration reaches 12 g/dL. Evidence from one randomized controlled
trial supports use of epoetin for patients with anemia associated with
low-risk myelodysplasia not receiving chemotherapy; however, there are
no published high-quality studies to support its use for anemia in
other hematologic malignancies in the absence of chemotherapy.
Therefore, for anemic patients with hematologic malignancies it is
recommended that physicians initiate conventional therapy and observe
hematologic response before considering use of epoetin.

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Guidelines for the use of epoetin in cancer patients: a much-needed step forward in standardizing anemia treatment
- David H. Henry
Blood 2003 102: 2697-2698.
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