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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0295. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-01-0295v1 100/8/2845    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lambert, N. C. Articles by Nelson, J. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lambert, N. C. Articles by Nelson, J. L. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, 15 October 2002, Vol. 100, No. 8, pp. 2845-2851 IMMUNOBIOLOGY Male microchimerism in healthy women and women with scleroderma: cells or circulating DNA? A quantitative answer Nathalie C. Lambert, Y. M. Dennis Lo, Timothy D. Erickson, Tracy S. Tylee, Katherine A. Guthrie, Daniel E. Furst, and J. Lee Nelson From the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; the University of Washington Medical Center; and the Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA; and the Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Male DNA, of presumed fetal origin, can be detected in the maternal circulation decades after delivery and is referred to as fetal microchimerism (FM). We previously found quantitatively greater FM in the circulation of women with the autoimmune disease scleroderma (SSc) than of healthy women. However, it is unknown whether this difference is due to intact circulating cells or free DNA released from breakdown in disease-affected tissues. To distinguish the origin of FM, we developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the Y-chromosome-specific sequence DYS14, and tested 114 women in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and/or plasma. Fifty-seven controls and 57 SSc patients were studied, 48 and 43 of whom, respectively, had given birth to at least one son. Circulating FM was quantitatively greater in PBMCs from SSc patients (n = 39; range, 0.0-12.5 male genome-equivalent cells per million maternal cells), compared with healthy women (n = 39; range, 0.0-4.4; P = .03). In contrast, there was no difference between patients (n = 25) and controls (n = 22) in plasma, and no evidence of free DNA. FM was enriched among T lymphocytes compared with PBMCs (P = .01) in controls (n = 14), but not in SSc patients (n = 14); the latter finding was most likely due to immunosuppressive medications. In conclusion, this real-time quantitative assay showed that quantitative differences in the circulation of women with SSc are due to cells and not to free DNA. As FM was not uncommon in healthy women, including among T cells, and because graft-versus-host disease has similarities to SSc, these results also suggest that FM merits investigation in pheresis products used for stem cell transplantation. © 2002 by The American Society of Hematology.   CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: T. H. Brix, P. S. Hansen, K. O. Kyvik, and L. Hegedus Aggregation of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Twins from Opposite-Sex Pairs Suggests that Microchimerism May Play a Role in the Early Stages of Thyroid Autoimmunity J. 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	Copyright © 2002 by American Society of Hematology         Online ISSN: 1528-0020