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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 5, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1258.
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Blood, 1 January 2003, Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 6-14
PLENARY PAPER
Randomized phase 2 study of fludarabine with concurrent versus
sequential treatment with rituximab in symptomatic, untreated patients
with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from Cancer and
Leukemia Group B 9712 (CALGB 9712)
John C. Byrd,
Bercedis L. Peterson,
Vicki A. Morrison,
Kathleen Park,
Robert Jacobson,
Eva Hoke,
James W. Vardiman,
Kanti Rai,
Charles A. Schiffer, and
Richard A. Larson
From the Division of Hematology-Oncology,
Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, NC; Sections of Hematology-Oncology and Infectious Disease,
Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, MN; Division of
Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical
Center, Washington, DC; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Good Samaritan
Hospital, West Palm Beach, FL; Department of Pathology and Department
of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL; Division of
Hematology-Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park,
NY; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wayne
State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
Recent studies have suggested that rituximab has clinical activity
and modulates antiapoptotic proteins associated with drug resistance in
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We performed a randomized phase 2 study to determine the efficacy, safety, and optimal administration
schedule of rituximab with fludarabine in previously untreated CLL
patients. Patients were randomized to receive either 6 monthly courses
of fludarabine concurrently with rituximab followed 2 months later by 4 weekly doses of rituximab for consolidation therapy or sequential
fludarabine alone followed 2 months later by rituximab consolidation
therapy. A total of 104 patients were randomized to the
concurrent (n = 51) and sequential (n = 53) regimens. During the
induction portion of treatment, patients receiving the concurrent
regimen experienced more grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (74% versus 41%)
and grade 3 or 4 infusion-related toxicity (20% versus 0%) as
compared with the sequential arm. The consolidation rituximab therapy
was tolerated well in both arms. All other toxicities were similar
in the 2 arms. The overall response rate with the concurrent
regimen was 90% (47% complete response [CR], 43% partial response
[PR]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.98) compared
with 77% (28% CR, 49% PR; 95% CI, 0.66-0.99) with the sequential
regimen. With a median follow-up time of 23 months, the median response
duration and survival have not been reached for either regimen.
Rituximab administered concurrently with fludarabine in previously
untreated CLL patients demonstrates marked clinical efficacy and
acceptable toxicity. Phase 3 studies using this combination approach
for patients with CLL are warranted.

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Related Letter in Blood Online:
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Fludarabine plus rituximab for untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Luca Castagna, Barbara Sarina, Armando Santoro, John C. Byrd, Kanti Rai, and Richard A. Larson
Blood 2003 102: 2309-2310.
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M. Ghielmini
Multimodality Therapies and Optimal Schedule of Antibodies: Rituximab in Lymphoma as an Example
Hematology,
January 1, 2005;
2005(1):
321 - 328.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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E. Montserrat
CLL therapy: progress at last!
Blood,
January 1, 2005;
105(1):
2 - 3.
[Full Text]
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J. C. Byrd, K. Rai, B. L. Peterson, F. R. Appelbaum, V. A. Morrison, J. E. Kolitz, L. Shepherd, J. D. Hines, C. A. Schiffer, and R. A. Larson
Addition of rituximab to fludarabine may prolong progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an updated retrospective comparative analysis of CALGB 9712 and CALGB 9011
Blood,
January 1, 2005;
105(1):
49 - 53.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. R. Smith, F. Jin, and I. Joshi
Enhanced efficacy of therapy with antisense BCL-2 oligonucleotides plus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in scid mouse/human lymphoma xenografts
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
December 1, 2004;
3(12):
1693 - 1699.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. C. Byrd, J. G. Gribben, B. Peterson, M. R. Grever, G. Lozanski, D. M. Lucas, R. A. Larson, M. A. Caligiuri, and N. A. Heerema
Select High Risk Genetic Features Predict Earlier Progression Following Chemoimmunotherapy with Fludarabine and Rituximab in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Preliminary Justification for Risk-Adapted Therapy.
Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts),
November 16, 2004;
104(11):
476 - 476.
[Abstract]
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A. K. Gopal, J. M. Pagel, N. Hedin, and O. W. Press
Fenretinide enhances rituximab-induced cytotoxicity against B-cell lymphoma xenografts through a caspase-dependent mechanism
Blood,
May 1, 2004;
103(9):
3516 - 3520.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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T. D. Shanafelt and T. G. Call
Current Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
March 1, 2004;
79(3):
388 - 398.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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T. D. Shanafelt, S. M. Geyer, and N. E. Kay
Prognosis at diagnosis: integrating molecular biologic insights into clinical practice for patients with CLL
Blood,
February 15, 2004;
103(4):
1202 - 1210.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. C. Byrd, S. Stilgenbauer, and I. W. Flinn
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Hematology,
January 1, 2004;
2004(1):
163 - 183.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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V. A. Morrison
In Reply:
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 1, 2003;
21(19):
3709 - 3710.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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L. Castagna, B. Sarina, A. Santoro, J. C. Byrd, K. Rai, and R. A. Larson
Fludarabine plus rituximab for untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Blood,
September 15, 2003;
102(6):
2309 - 2310.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. Coleman, D. M. Goldenberg, A. B. Siegel, J. C. Ketas, M. Ashe, J. M. Fiore, and J. P. Leonard
Epratuzumab: Targeting B-Cell Malignancies through CD22
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 1, 2003;
9(10):
3991s - 3994s.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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R. Bannerji, S. Kitada, I. W. Flinn, M. Pearson, D. Young, J. C. Reed, and J. C. Byrd
Apoptotic-Regulatory and Complement-Protecting Protein Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Relationship to In Vivo Rituximab Resistance
J. Clin. Oncol.,
April 15, 2003;
21(8):
1466 - 1471.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. J. Keating, N. Chiorazzi, B. Messmer, R. N. Damle, S. L. Allen, K. R. Rai, M. Ferrarini, and T. J. Kipps
Biology and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Hematology,
January 1, 2003;
2003(1):
153 - 175.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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