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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 6, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1649.
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Blood, 1 June 2003, Vol. 101, No. 11, pp. 4305-4312
GENE THERAPY
Nonmyeloablative conditioning is sufficient to allow engraftment of EGFP-expressing bone marrow and subsequent acceptance of EGFP-transgenic skin grafts in mice
Goran Andersson,
Ben M. W. Illigens,
Kevin W. Johnson,
David Calderhead,
Christian LeGuern,
Gilles Benichou,
Mary E. White-Scharf, and
Julian D. Down
From BioTransplant Incorporated, Boston; Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Immunologic reactions against gene therapy products may prove to be a frequent problem in clinical gene therapy protocols. Enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) is commonly used as a marker in gene transfer protocols, and immune responses against EGFP-expressing cells have been documented. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a pharmacologic, nonmyeloablative, conditioning regimen on the development of EGFP+ donor/recipient mixed bone marrow chimerism and ensuing tolerance to EGFP-expressing transplants. To this end, C57BL/6J (B6) mice were treated with soluble formulations of either busulfan (Busulfex) or the closely related compound treosulfan, followed by transplantation of bone marrow cells from EGFP-transgenic (B6-EGFP.Tg) donor mice. Such conditioning regimens resulted in long-term persistence of donor EGFP+ cells among various hematopoietic lineages from blood, bone marrow, and thymus. Stable hematopoietic chimeras transplanted at 10 to 17 weeks after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with B6-EGFP.Tg skin grafts all accepted their transplants, whereas non-EGFP chimeric B6 control animals were able to mount rejection of the EGFP+ B6 skin grafts. Control third-party grafts from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–mismatched mice were rejected within 20 days, indicating that acceptance of EGFP-expressing skin grafts was the result of specific immune tolerance induction by the transplantation of EGFP-transgenic bone marrow. Long-term tolerance to EGFP in chimeric recipients was confirmed by the absence of anti-EGFP–reactive T cells and antibodies. These results broaden the therapeutic potential for using hematopoietic molecular chimerism in nonmyeloablated recipients as a means of preventing rejection of genetically modified cells.
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