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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 13, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3221.
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Blood, 1 July 2003, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 262-268
NEOPLASIA
Gene expression signatures in MLL-rearranged T-lineage and B-precursor acute leukemias: dominance of HOX dysregulation
Adolfo A. Ferrando,
Scott A. Armstrong,
Donna S. Neuberg,
Stephen E. Sallan,
Lewis B. Silverman,
Stanley J. Korsmeyer, and
A. Thomas Look
From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, the Department of Biostatistical Science, Cancer Immunology and AIDS, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and the Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Rearrangements of the MLL locus, located on human chromosome 11q23, are frequent in both infant and therapy-related leukemias. Gene expression analysis of MLL-rearranged B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (MLL B-ALLs) has identified these cases as a unique subtype of leukemia, characterized by the expression of genes associated with both lymphoid and myeloid hematopoietic lineages. Here we show that MLL fusions also generate a distinct genetic subtype of T-lineage ALL (MLL T-ALL), in which leukemic cells are characterized by an early arrest in thymocyte differentiation, with suggestive evidence of commitment to the  lineage. Interestingly, multiple genes linked to cell proliferation (eg, PCNA, MYC, CDK2, and POLA) were down-regulated in MLL-fusion samples, relative to those transformed by other T-ALL oncogenes (P < .000 001, Fisher exact test). Overall, MLL T-ALL cases consistently demonstrated increased levels of expression of a subset of major HOX genesHOXA9, HOXA10, and HOXC6and the MEIS1 HOX coregulator (P < .008, one-sided Wilcoxon test), a pattern of gene expression that was reiterated in MLL B-ALLs. However, expression of myeloid lineage genes, previously reported in MLL B-ALLs, was not identified in T-lineage cases with this abnormality, suggesting that myeloid gene dysregulation is dispensable in leukemic transformation mediated by MLL fusion proteins. Our findings implicate dysregulation of HOX gene family members as a dominant mechanism of leukemic transformation induced by chimeric MLL oncogenes. (Blood. 2003;102:262-268)

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