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Blood, 15 November 2003, Vol. 102, No. 10, pp. 3600-3608.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 24, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0949.
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HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
The kringle stabilizes urokinase binding to the urokinase receptor
Khalil Bdeir,
Alice Kuo,
Bruce S. Sachais,
Ann H. Rux,
Yasmina Bdeir,
Andrew Mazar,
Abd Al-Roof Higazi, and
Douglas B. Cines
From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Attenuon, San Diego, CA; and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.
The structural basis of the interaction between single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scuPA) and its receptor (uPAR) is incompletely defined. Several observations indicated the kringle facilitates the binding of uPA to uPAR. A scuPA variant lacking the kringle ( K-scuPA) bound to soluble uPAR (suPAR) with the similar on-rate but with a faster off-rate than wild-type (WT)-scuPA. Binding of K-scuPA, but not WT-scuPA, to suPAR was comparably inhibited by its growth factor domain (GFD) and amino-terminal fragment (ATF). ATF and WT-scuPA, but not GFD, scuPA lacking the GFD ( GFD-scuPA), or K-scuPA reconstituted the isolated domains of uPAR. ATF completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of WT-scuPA-suPAR unlike comparable concentrations of GFD. Variants containing mutations that alter the charge, length, or flexibility of linker sequence (residues 43-49) between the GFD and the kringle displayed a lower affinity for uPAR, were unable to reconstitute uPAR domains, and their binding to uPAR was inhibited by GFD in the same manner as K-scuPA. A scuPA variant in which the charged amino acids in the heparin binding site (HBS) in the kringle domain were mutated to alanines behaved like K-scuPA, indicating that that the structure of the kringle as well as its interaction with the GFD govern receptor binding. These data demonstrate an important role for the kringle in stabilizing the binding of scuPA to uPAR. (Blood. 2003;102:3600-3608)

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