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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 20, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3794.
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Blood, 15 July 2003, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 652-658
NEOPLASIA
Depsipeptide (FR901228) induces histone acetylation and inhibition of histone deacetylase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells concurrent with activation of caspase 8–mediated apoptosis and down-regulation of c-FLIP protein
Jennifer L. Aron,
Mark R. Parthun,
Guido Marcucci,
Shinichi Kitada,
Andrew P. Mone,
Melanie E. Davis,
Tiansheng Shen,
Timothy Murphy,
Joseph Wickham,
Chris Kanakry,
David M. Lucas,
John C. Reed,
Michael R. Grever, and
John C. Byrd
From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, and the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus; The Burnham Institute, Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, CA; and Fourth Division of Hematology-Oncology, Brook Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
Depsipeptide is in clinical trials for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) on the basis of earlier observations demonstrating selective in vitro activity in CLL. We sought to determine the relationship of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and apoptosis observed in CLL cells to justify a pharmacodynamic end point in these clinical trials. We demonstrate that in vitro depsipeptide induces histone H3 and H4 acetylation and histone deacetylase enzyme inhibition at concentrations corresponding to the LC50 (concentration producing 50% cell death) for cultured CLL cells (0.038 µM depsipeptide). The changes in histone acetylation are lysine specific, involving H4 K5, H4 K12, and H3 K9, and to a lesser extent H4 K8, but not H4 K16 or H3 K14. Depsipeptide-induced apoptosis is caspase dependent, selectively involving the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (extrinsic pathway) initiating caspase 8 and effector caspase 3. Activation of caspase 8 was accompanied by the down-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP, I-FLICE) without evidence of Fas (CD95) up-regulation. Changes in other apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Mcl-1, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), were not observed. Our results demonstrate a relationship between target enzyme inhibition of histone deacetylase, histone H3 and H4 acetylation, and apoptosis involving the TNF-receptor pathway of apoptosis that is not used by other therapeutic agents in CLL. These data suggest use of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and down-regulation of FLIP as pharmacodynamic end points for further evaluation of this drug in patients.
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