SEARCH:   Advanced

Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 5, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0513. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2003-02-0513v1 102/6/2187    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Wilson, N. S. Articles by Villadangos, J. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Wilson, N. S. Articles by Villadangos, J. A. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, 15 September 2003, Vol. 102, No. 6, pp. 2187-2194 IMMUNOBIOLOGY Most lymphoid organ dendritic cell types are phenotypically and functionally immature Nicholas S. Wilson, Dima El-Sukkari, Gabrielle T. Belz, Christopher M. Smith, Raymond J. Steptoe, William R. Heath, Ken Shortman, and José A. Villadangos From The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Victoria, Australia; and the Cooperative Research Center for Vaccine Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Dendritic cells (DCs) have been thought to follow a life history, typified by Langerhans cells (LCs), with 2 major developmental stages: an immature stage that captures antigens in the periphery and a mature stage that presents those antigens in the lymphoid organs. However, a systematic assessment of the maturity of lymphoid organ DCs has been lacking. We have analyzed the maturity of the DC types found in the steady state in the spleen, lymph nodes (LNs), and thymus. The DCs that migrate into the iliac, mesenteric, mediastinal, or subcutaneous LNs from peripheral tissues were mature and therefore could not process and present newly encountered antigens. However, all the other DC types were phenotypically and functionally immature: they expressed low levels of surface major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and CD86, accumulated MHC II in their endosomes, and could present newly encountered antigens. These immature DCs could be induced to mature by culture in vitro or by inoculation of inflammatory stimuli in vivo. Therefore, the lymphoid organs contain a large cohort of immature DCs, most likely for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, which can respond to infections reaching those organs and mature in situ. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: Y.-H. Chan, M.-F. Chiang, Y.-C. Tsai, S.-T. Su, M.-H. Chen, M.-S. Hou, and K.-I Lin Absence of the Transcriptional Repressor Blimp-1 in Hematopoietic Lineages Reveals Its Role in Dendritic Cell Homeostatic Development and Function J. Immunol., December 1, 2009; 183(11): 7039 - 7046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] H. Constabel, M. V. Stankov, C. Hartwig, T. Tschernig, and G. M. N. Behrens Impaired Lung Dendritic Cell Migration and T Cell Stimulation Induced by Immunostimulatory Oligonucleotides Contribute to Reduced Allergic Airway Inflammation J. Immunol., September 1, 2009; 183(5): 3443 - 3453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. Zietara, M. Lyszkiewicz, N. Gekara, J. Puchalka, V. A. P. M. Dos Santos, C. R. Hunt, T. K. Pandita, S. Lienenklaus, and S. Weiss Absence of IFN-{beta} Impairs Antigen Presentation Capacity of Splenic Dendritic Cells via Down-Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 70 J. Immunol., July 15, 2009; 183(2): 1099 - 1109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. H. Tripp, F. Sparber, I. F. Hermans, N. Romani, and P. Stoitzner Glycolipids Injected into the Skin Are Presented to NKT Cells in the Draining Lymph Node Independently of Migratory Skin Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., June 15, 2009; 182(12): 7644 - 7654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L. S. Bursch, B. E. Rich, and K. A. Hogquist Langerhans Cells Are Not Required for the CD8 T Cell Response to Epidermal Self-Antigens J. Immunol., April 15, 2009; 182(8): 4657 - 4664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Bedoui, S. Prato, J. Mintern, T. Gebhardt, Y. Zhan, A. M. Lew, W. R. Heath, J. A. Villadangos, and E. Segura Characterization of an Immediate Splenic Precursor of CD8+ Dendritic Cells Capable of Inducing Antiviral T Cell Responses J. Immunol., April 1, 2009; 182(7): 4200 - 4207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. D. H. Lay, L. Zhang, R. M. Ribeiro, S. N. Mueller, G. T. Belz, and M. P. Davenport Kinetics of Major Histocompatibility Class I Antigen Presentation in Acute Infection J. Immunol., January 15, 2009; 182(2): 902 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. C. Jirmo, C.-H. Nagel, C. Bohnen, B. Sodeik, and G. M. N. Behrens Contribution of Direct and Cross-Presentation to CTL Immunity against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 J. Immunol., January 1, 2009; 182(1): 283 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. I. Proietto, S. van Dommelen, P. Zhou, A. Rizzitelli, A. D'Amico, R. J. Steptoe, S. H. Naik, M. H. Lahoud, Y. Liu, P. Zheng, et al. Dendritic cells in the thymus contribute to T-regulatory cell induction PNAS, December 16, 2008; 105(50): 19869 - 19874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. Garulli, M. G. Stillitano, V. Barnaba, and M. R. Castrucci Primary CD8+ T-Cell Response to Soluble Ovalbumin Is Improved by Chloroquine Treatment In Vivo Clin. Vaccine Immunol., October 1, 2008; 15(10): 1497 - 1504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Jaensson, H. Uronen-Hansson, O. Pabst, B. Eksteen, J. Tian, J. L. Coombes, P.-L. Berg, T. Davidsson, F. Powrie, B. Johansson-Lindbom, et al. Small intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells display unique functional properties that are conserved between mice and humans J. Exp. Med., September 1, 2008; 205(9): 2139 - 2149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. J. van Vliet, L. C. Paessens, V. C. M. Broks-van den Berg, T. B. H. Geijtenbeek, and Y. van Kooyk The C-Type Lectin Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin Impedes Migration of Immature APCs J. Immunol., September 1, 2008; 181(5): 3148 - 3155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. A. Arias, G. Jaramillo, Y. P. Lopez, N. Mejia, C. Mejia, A. E. Pantoja, R. J. Shattock, L. F. Garcia, and G. E. Griffin Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens Specifically Modulate CCR2 and MCP-1/CCL2 on Lymphoid Cells from Human Pulmonary Hilar Lymph Nodes J. Immunol., December 15, 2007; 179(12): 8381 - 8391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L. J. Young, N. S. Wilson, P. Schnorrer, A. Mount, R. J. Lundie, N. L. La Gruta, B. S. Crabb, G. T. Belz, W. R. Heath, and J. A. Villadangos Dendritic cell preactivation impairs MHC class II presentation of vaccines and endogenous viral antigens PNAS, November 6, 2007; 104(45): 17753 - 17758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. Czeloth, A. Schippers, N. Wagner, W. Muller, B. Kuster, G. Bernhardt, and R. Forster Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Signaling Regulates Positioning of Dendritic Cells within the Spleen J. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 179(9): 5855 - 5863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] O. Pabst, G. Bernhardt, and R. Forster The impact of cell-bound antigen transport on mucosal tolerance induction J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2007; 82(4): 795 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Takenaka, E. Safroneeva, Z. Xing, and J. Gauldie Dendritic Cells Derived from Murine Colonic Mucosa Have Unique Functional and Phenotypic Characteristics J. Immunol., June 15, 2007; 178(12): 7984 - 7993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Majewski, T. O. Bose, F. C. M. Sille, A. M. Pollington, E. Fiebiger, and M. Boes Protein kinase C delta stimulates antigen presentation by Class II MHC in murine dendritic cells Int. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 19(6): 719 - 732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] K. N. Brown, A. Trichel, and S. M. Barratt-Boyes Parallel Loss of Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Blood and Lymphoid Tissue in Simian AIDS J. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 178(11): 6958 - 6967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] R. J. Steptoe, J. M. Ritchie, N. S. Wilson, J. A. Villadangos, A. M. Lew, and L. C. Harrison Cognate CD4+ Help Elicited by Resting Dendritic Cells Does Not Impair the Induction of Peripheral Tolerance in CD8+ T Cells J. Immunol., February 15, 2007; 178(4): 2094 - 2103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. Durakovic, K. B. Bezak, M. Skarica, V. Radojcic, E. J. Fuchs, G. F. Murphy, and L. Luznik Host-Derived Langerhans Cells Persist after MHC-Matched Allografting Independent of Donor T Cells and Critically Influence the Alloresponses Mediated by Donor Lymphocyte Infusions J. Immunol., October 1, 2006; 177(7): 4414 - 4425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Liao and N. H. Ruddle Synchrony of high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels revealed by immunization. J. Immunol., September 1, 2006; 177(5): 3369 - 3379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Skoberne, S. Somersan, W. Almodovar, T. Truong, K. Petrova, P. M. Henson, and N. Bhardwaj The apoptotic-cell receptor CR3, but not {alpha}vbeta5, is a regulator of human dendritic-cell immunostimulatory function Blood, August 1, 2006; 108(3): 947 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] F. Mattei, G. Schiavoni, P. Borghi, M. Venditti, I. Canini, P. Sestili, I. Pietraforte, H. C. Morse III, C. Ramoni, F. Belardelli, et al. ICSBP/IRF-8 differentially regulates antigen uptake during dendritic-cell development and affects antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells Blood, July 15, 2006; 108(2): 609 - 617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. Schnorrer, G. M. N. Behrens, N. S. Wilson, J. L. Pooley, C. M. Smith, D. El-Sukkari, G. Davey, F. Kupresanin, M. Li, E. Maraskovsky, et al. The dominant role of CD8+ dendritic cells in cross-presentation is not dictated by antigen capture PNAS, July 11, 2006; 103(28): 10729 - 10734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. Mayerova, L. Wang, L. S. Bursch, and K. A. Hogquist Conditioning of langerhans cells induced by a primary CD8 T cell response to self-antigen in vivo. J. Immunol., April 15, 2006; 176(8): 4658 - 4665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] F. F. Shih, J. Racz, and P. M. Allen Differential MHC Class II Presentation of a Pathogenic Autoantigen during Health and Disease J. Immunol., March 15, 2006; 176(6): 3438 - 3448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Rizzitelli, E. Hawkins, H. Todd, P. D. Hodgkin, and K. Shortman The proliferative response of CD4 T cells to steady-state CD8+ dendritic cells is restricted by post-activation death Int. Immunol., March 1, 2006; 18(3): 415 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. Burster, A. Beck, E. Tolosa, P. Schnorrer, R. Weissert, M. Reich, M. Kraus, H. Kalbacher, H.-U. Haring, E. Weber, et al. Differential Processing of Autoantigens in Lysosomes from Human Monocyte-Derived and Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5940 - 5949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Sundquist and M. J. Wick TNF-{alpha}-Dependent and -Independent Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Recruited CD11cintCD11b+ Cells during Oral Salmonella Infection J. Immunol., September 1, 2005; 175(5): 3287 - 3298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Kaiser, E. Donnadieu, J.-P. Abastado, A. Trautmann, and A. Nardin CC Chemokine Ligand 19 Secreted by Mature Dendritic Cells Increases Naive T Cell Scanning Behavior and Their Response to Rare Cognate Antigen J. Immunol., August 15, 2005; 175(4): 2349 - 2356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. K. H. Tan and H. C. O'Neill Maturation requirements for dendritic cells in T cell stimulation leading to tolerance versus immunity J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2005; 78(2): 319 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] H. Dumortier, G. J. D. van Mierlo, D. Egan, W. van Ewijk, R. E. M. Toes, R. Offringa, and C. J. M. Melief Antigen Presentation by an Immature Myeloid Dendritic Cell Line Does Not Cause CTL Deletion In Vivo, but Generates CD8+ Central Memory-Like T Cells That Can Be Rescued for Full Effector Function J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 855 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. Kleindienst, C. Wiethe, M. B. Lutz, and T. Brocker Simultaneous Induction of CD4 T Cell Tolerance and CD8 T Cell Immunity by Semimature Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 3941 - 3947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. Westermann, U. Bode, A. Sahle, U. Speck, N. Karin, E. B. Bell, K. Kalies, and A. Gebert Naive, Effector, and Memory T Lymphocytes Efficiently Scan Dendritic Cells In Vivo: Contact Frequency in T Cell Zones of Secondary Lymphoid Organs Does Not Depend on LFA-1 Expression and Facilitates Survival of Effector T Cells J. Immunol., March 1, 2005; 174(5): 2517 - 2524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] R. J. Steptoe, J. M. Ritchie, L. K. Jones, and L. C. Harrison Autoimmune Diabetes Is Suppressed by Transfer of Proinsulin-Encoding Gr-1+ Myeloid Progenitor Cells That Differentiate In Vivo Into Resting Dendritic Cells Diabetes, February 1, 2005; 54(2): 434 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. E. Morelli, A. T. Larregina, W. J. Shufesky, M. L. G. Sullivan, D. B. Stolz, G. D. Papworth, A. F. Zahorchak, A. J. Logar, Z. Wang, S. C. Watkins, et al. Endocytosis, intracellular sorting, and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells Blood, November 15, 2004; 104(10): 3257 - 3266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S.-J. Park, T. Nakagawa, H. Kitamura, T. Atsumi, H. Kamon, S.-i. Sawa, D. Kamimura, N. Ueda, Y. Iwakura, K. Ishihara, et al. IL-6 Regulates In Vivo Dendritic Cell Differentiation through STAT3 Activation J. Immunol., September 15, 2004; 173(6): 3844 - 3854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] U. Ritter, F. Wiede, D. Mielenz, Z. Kiafard, J. Zwirner, and H. Korner Analysis of the CCR7 expression on murine bone marrow-derived and spleen dendritic cells J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 76(2): 472 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Real, A. Kaiser, G. Raposo, A. Amara, A. Nardin, A. Trautmann, and E. Donnadieu Immature Dendritic Cells (DCs) Use Chemokines and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1, But Not DC-Specific ICAM-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin, to Stimulate CD4+ T Cells in the Absence of Exogenous Antigen J. Immunol., July 1, 2004; 173(1): 50 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S.-i. Fujii, K. Liu, C. Smith, A. J. Bonito, and R. M. Steinman The Linkage of Innate to Adaptive Immunity via Maturing Dendritic Cells In Vivo Requires CD40 Ligation in Addition to Antigen Presentation and CD80/86 Costimulation J. Exp. Med., June 21, 2004; 199(12): 1607 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Mazzoni and D. M. Segal Controlling the Toll road to dendritic cell polarization J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2004; 75(5): 721 - 730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Engering, S. J. van Vliet, K. Hebeda, D. G. Jackson, R. Prevo, S. K. Singh, T. B. H. Geijtenbeek, H. van Krieken, and Y. van Kooyk Dynamic Populations of Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin-Positive Immature Dendritic Cells and Liver/Lymph Node-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin-Positive Endothelial Cells in the Outer Zones of the Paracortex of Human Lymph Nodes Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2004; 164(5): 1587 - 1595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. Quah, K. Ni, and H. C. O'Neill In vitro hematopoiesis produces a distinct class of immature dendritic cells from spleen progenitors with limited T cell stimulation capacity Int. Immunol., April 1, 2004; 16(4): 567 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L. C. Bonifaz, D. P. Bonnyay, A. Charalambous, D. I. Darguste, S.-I. Fujii, H. Soares, M. K. Brimnes, B. Moltedo, T. M. Moran, and R. M. Steinman In Vivo Targeting of Antigens to Maturing Dendritic Cells via the DEC-205 Receptor Improves T Cell Vaccination J. Exp. Med., March 15, 2004; 199(6): 815 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. S. Wilson, D. El-Sukkari, and J. A. Villadangos Dendritic cells constitutively present self antigens in their immature state in vivo and regulate antigen presentation by controlling the rates of MHC class II synthesis and endocytosis Blood, March 15, 2004; 103(6): 2187 - 2195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Baize, J. Kaplon, C. Faure, D. Pannetier, M.-C. Georges-Courbot, and V. Deubel Lassa Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Is Productive but Fails to Activate Cells J. Immunol., March 1, 2004; 172(5): 2861 - 2869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. El-Sukkari, N. S. Wilson, K. Hakansson, R. J. Steptoe, A. Grubb, K. Shortman, and J. A. Villadangos The Protease Inhibitor Cystatin C Is Differentially Expressed among Dendritic Cell Populations, but Does Not Control Antigen Presentation J. Immunol., November 15, 2003; 171(10): 5003 - 5011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

	Copyright © 2003 by American Society of Hematology         Online ISSN: 1528-0020