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Blood, 1 January 2004, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 20-32.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 11, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1045.
 Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article 
REVIEW ARTICLES
Treatment of multiple myeloma
Bart Barlogie,
John Shaughnessy,
Guido Tricot,
Joth Jacobson,
Maurizio Zangari,
Elias Anaissie,
Ron Walker, and
John Crowley
From the Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK; and Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, WA.
Autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC)–supported high-dose melphalan is now considered standard therapy for myeloma, at least for younger patients. The markedly reduced toxicity of allotransplants using nonmyeloablative regimens (mini-allotransplantations) may hold promise for more widely exploiting the well-documented graft-versus-myeloma (GVM) effect. New active drugs include immunomodulatory agents, such as thalidomide and CC-5013 (Revimid; Celgene, Warren, NJ), and the proteasome inhibitor, PS 341 (Velcade; Millenium, Cambridge, MA), all of which not only target myeloma cells directly but also exert an indirect effect by suppressing growth and survival signals elaborated by the bone marrow microenvironment's interaction with myeloma cells. Among the prognostic factors evaluated, cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs), which are present in one third of patients with newly diagnosed disease, identify a particularly poor prognosis subgroup with a median survival not exceeding 2 to 3 years. By contrast, in the absence of CAs, 4-year survival rates of 80% to 90% can be obtained with tandem autotransplantations. Fundamental and clinical research should, therefore, focus on the molecular and biologic mechanisms of treatment failure in the high-risk subgroup.
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