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Blood, 1 January 2004, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 347-352. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 11, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2603. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2003-07-2603v1 103/1/347    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Randolph, S. S. B. Articles by Riddell, S. R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Randolph, S. S. B. Articles by Riddell, S. R. Related Collections Immunobiology Neoplasia Transplantation Clinical Trials and Observations Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  TRANSPLANTATION Female donors contribute to a selective graft-versus-leukemia effect in male recipients of HLA-matched, related hematopoietic stem cell transplants Sophia S. B. Randolph, Theodore A. Gooley, Edus H. Warren, Frederick R. Appelbaum, and Stanley R. Riddell From the Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. Male recipients of transplants from female (FM) hematopoietic stem cell donors represent a special group in whom donor T cells that are specific for recipient minor histocompatibility antigens encoded by Y-chromosome genes may contribute to a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We examined the contribution of donor/patient sex to the risk for relapse and GVHD in 3238 patients who underwent HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for hematopoietic malignancies at a single institution. Compared with other sex combinations, male recipients of female transplants had the lowest risk for relapse and the greatest odds for GVHD. Remarkably, after controlling for GVHD as a time-dependent covariate, FM HSCT still exhibited a lower risk for relapse than other sex combinations, demonstrating a selective GVL effect distinct from that contributed by GVHD. A reduction in relapse after FM HSCT was observed in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Taken together, these data suggest that minor H antigens encoded or regulated by genes on the Y chromosome contribute to a selective GVL effect against myeloid and lymphoid leukemias after FM HSCT. 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