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Blood, 1 January 2004, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 40-49.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 4, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1387.
 Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article 
CHEMOKINES
CCL16 activates an angiogenic program in vascular endothelial cells
Marina Strasly,
Gabriella Doronzo,
Paola Capello,
Donatella Valdembri,
Marco Arese,
Stefania Mitola,
Paul Moore,
Giulio Alessandri,
Mirella Giovarelli, and
Federico Bussolino
From the Division of Molecular Angiogenesis, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin, School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurorigenerative Therapy, Institute "C. Besta," Milan, Italy; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Biology, Human Genome Sciences Inc, Rockville, MD.
Besides regulating leukocyte trafficking in normal and injured tissues, several chemokines may positively or negatively regulate angiogenesis. Here we report that CCL16 activates an angiogenic program in vascular endothelial cells by activating CCR1. CCL16 induces dose-dependent random and directional migration of endothelial cells isolated from large vessels and liver capillaries without inducing their proliferation. It also promotes endothelial differentiation into capillary-like structures in an in vitro assay and is angiogenic in the chick chorionallantoic membrane. These angiogenic activities are neutralized by a specific antibody against CCL16. The direct angiogenic activity of CCL16 is further amplified by its ability to prime endothelium to a mitogen signal induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A and to raise their basal production of CXCL8 and CCL2, 2 other angiogenic chemokines. BX471 (R-N-[5-chloro-2-[2-[4(4-fluorophenyl) methyl]-2-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl] urea hydrochloric acid salt), a CCR1 antagonist, inhibits angiogenic properties of CCL16, whereas blocking of CCR8 or desensitizing CCR2, which are both well known receptors for CCL16, did not abolish endothelial activation. CCL16 may be specifically cross-linked to CCR1 expressed on endothelial cells. The largely restricted CCL16 expression in the liver suggests that this chemokine may play a role in hepatic vascular formation during development and in angiogenesis associated to hepatic diseases.
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