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Blood, 15 May 2004, Vol. 103, No. 10, pp. 3828-3836.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 24, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3470.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in mice devoid of any Sµ tandem repeat
Ahmed Amine Khamlichi,
Florence Glaudet,
Zeliha Oruc,
Vincent Denis,
Marc Le Bert, and
Michel Cogné
From the Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Unité mixte de recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR), Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France; and Centre de Développement des Techniques Avancées pour l'Expérimentation Animale, Orléans, France.
Immunoglobulin heavy-chain class-switch recombination (CSR) occurs between highly repetitive switch sequences located upstream of the constant region genes. However, the role of these sequences remains unclear. Mutant mice were generated in which most of the Iµ-Cµ intron was deleted, including all the repeats. Late B-cell development was characterized by a severe impairment, but not a complete block, in class switching to all isotypes despite normal germ line transcription. Sequence analysis of the Iµ-Cµ intron in in vitro activatedmutant splenocytes did not reveal any significant increase in activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)induced somatic mutations. Analysis of switch junctions showed that, in the absence of any Sµ repeat, the Iµ exon was readily used as a substrate for CSR. In contrast to the sequence alterations downstream of the switch junctions, very few, if any, mutations were found upstream of the junction sites. Our data suggest that the core Eµ enhancer could be the boundary for CSR-associated somatic mutations. We propose that the core Eµ enhancer plays a central role in the temporal dissociation of somatic hypermutation from class switching.

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