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Blood, 1 June 2004, Vol. 103, No. 11, pp. 4232-4239. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 24, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-11-4036.
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Thymosin
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  S. J. Park and B. Mehrad Innate Immunity to Aspergillus Species Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2009; 22(4): 535 - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. J. Cornish, B. J. Hurtgen, K. McInnerney, N. L. Burritt, R. M. Taylor, J. N. Jarvis, S. Y. Wang, and J. B. Burritt Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase-Independent Resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus in Alveolar Macrophages J. Immunol., May 15, 2008; 180(10): 6854 - 6867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Bozza, R. Gaziano, P. Bonifazi, T. Zelante, L. Pitzurra, C. Montagnoli, S. Moretti, R. Castronari, P. Sinibaldi, G. Rasi, et al. Thymosin {alpha}1 activates the TLR9/MyD88/IRF7-dependent murine cytomegalovirus sensing for induction of anti-viral responses in vivo Int. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 19(11): 1261 - 1270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. H. Segal Role of Macrophages in Host Defense Against Aspergillosis and Strategies for Immune Augmentation Oncologist, October 1, 2007; 12(suppl_2): 7 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Romani, F. Bistoni, K. Perruccio, C. Montagnoli, R. Gaziano, S. Bozza, P. Bonifazi, G. Bistoni, G. Rasi, A. Velardi, et al. Thymosin {alpha}1 activates dendritic cell tryptophan catabolism and establishes a regulatory environment for balance of inflammation and tolerance Blood, October 1, 2006; 108(7): 2265 - 2274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Mosoian, A. Teixeira, A. A. High, R. E. Christian, D. F. Hunt, J. Shabanowitz, X. Liu, and M. Klotman Novel function of prothymosin alpha as a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression in primary macrophages. J. Virol., September 1, 2006; 80(18): 9200 - 9206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. H. Segal and T. J. Walsh Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2006; 173(7): 707 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 V. Gafa, R. Lande, M. C. Gagliardi, M. Severa, E. Giacomini, M. E. Remoli, R. Nisini, C. Ramoni, P. Di Francesco, D. Aldebert, et al. Human Dendritic Cells following Aspergillus fumigatus Infection Express the CCR7 Receptor and a Differential Pattern of Interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-23, and IL-27 Cytokines, Which Lead to a Th1 Response Infect. Immun., March 1, 2006; 74(3): 1480 - 1489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Montagnoli, F. Fallarino, R. Gaziano, S. Bozza, S. Bellocchio, T. Zelante, W. P. Kurup, L. Pitzurra, P. Puccetti, and L. Romani Immunity and Tolerance to Aspergillus Involve Functionally Distinct Regulatory T Cells and Tryptophan Catabolism J. Immunol., February 1, 2006; 176(3): 1712 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Bellocchio, S. Moretti, K. Perruccio, F. Fallarino, S. Bozza, C. Montagnoli, P. Mosci, G. B. Lipford, L. Pitzurra, and L. Romani TLRs Govern Neutrophil Activity in Aspergillosis J. Immunol., December 15, 2004; 173(12): 7406 - 7415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Pitzurra, S. Bellocchio, A. Nocentini, P. Bonifazi, R. Scardazza, L. Gallucci, F. Stracci, C. Simoncelli, F. Bistoni, and L. Romani Antifungal Immune Reactivity in Nasal Polyposis Infect. Immun., December 1, 2004; 72(12): 7275 - 7281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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| Copyright © 2004 by American Society of Hematology Online ISSN: 1528-0020 | |||||||||
1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through Toll-like receptor signaling
1, a naturally occurring thymic peptide, induces functional maturation and interleukin-12 production by fungus-pulsed DCs through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor (NF)-
B-dependent pathway. This occurs by signaling through the myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent pathway, involving distinct Toll-like receptors. In vivo, the synthetic peptide activates T-helper (Th) cell 1-dependent antifungal immunity, accelerates myeloid cell recovery, and protects highly susceptible mice that received hematopoietic transplants from aspergillosis. By revealing the unexpected activity of an old molecule, our finding provides the rationale for its therapeutic utility and qualify the synthetic peptide as a candidate adjuvant promoting the coordinated activation of the innate and adaptive Th immunity to the fungus. (Blood. 2004;103: 4232-4239)