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Blood, 1 June 2004, Vol. 103, No. 11, pp. 4317-4321.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 24, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0192.
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RED CELLS
Spectrum of hemojuvelin gene mutations in 1q-linked juvenile hemochromatosis
Carmela Lanzara,
Antonella Roetto,
Filomena Daraio,
Silvain Rivard,
Romina Ficarella,
Hervey Simard,
Timothy M. Cox,
Mario Cazzola,
Alberto Piperno,
Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo,
Paola Grammatico,
Stefano Volinia,
Paolo Gasparini, and
Clara Camaschella
From the Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, II Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy; TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera San Luigi, Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Sagen Pharma, Ville de Saguenay, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy; Département de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia. Università La Sapienza, AO San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy; Laboratorio di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia Universita' degli Studi, Ferrara, Italy.
Juvenile or type 2 hemochromatosis (JH) is transmitted as a recessive trait that leads to severe iron overload and organ damage typically before age 30 years. Linkage to a locus on chromosome 1q has been found in most patients with JH. The recently identified causal gene encodes hemojuvelin, a protein with a proposed crucial role in iron metabolism. A second, rare type of JH, with clinical expression identical to the 1q-linked form, is due to inactivation of hepcidin, the key regulator of iron homeostasis. Here we report the spectrum of mutations of the hemojuvelin gene (HJV) in 34 patients who did not show hepcidin mutations. This represents the largest cohort of patients with JH collected worldwide. We identified 17 different (16 novel) mutations of HJV, both at the homozygous and at the compound heterozygous state. Mutations either generate premature termination codons or were missense substitutions, affecting highly conserved residues, relevant to the protein structure and/or function. (Blood. 2004;103:4317-4321)

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