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Blood, 1 December 2004, Vol. 104, No. 12, pp. 3821-3828.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 27, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-03-1212.
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TRANSPLANTATION
Feasibility of HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between noninherited maternal antigen (NIMA)mismatched family members linked with long-term fetomaternal microchimerism
Tatsuo Ichinohe,
Takashi Uchiyama,
Chihiro Shimazaki,
Keitaro Matsuo,
Shigehisa Tamaki,
Masayuki Hino,
Arata Watanabe,
Motohiro Hamaguchi,
Souichi Adachi,
Hisashi Gondo,
Nobuhiko Uoshima,
Takao Yoshihara,
Kazuo Hatanaka,
Hiroshi Fujii,
Keisei Kawa,
Kazunobu Kawanishi,
Koji Oka,
Hideo Kimura,
Mitsuru Itoh,
Takeshi Inukai,
Etsuko Maruya,
Hiroh Saji, and
Yoshihisa Kodera, for the Japanese Collaborative Study Group for NIMA-Complementary Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation
From the Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan; Yamada Red Cross Hospital, Misono, Japan; Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Nakadoori General Hospital, Akita, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi, Japan; Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Japan; Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan; Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan; Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Japan; Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Date, Japan; Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan; University of Yamanashi School of Medicine, Tamaho, Japan; NPO (nonprofit organization) HLA Laboratory, Kyoto, Japan; Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Japan.
Based on the hypothesis that long-term fetomaternal microchimerism is associated with acquired immunologic hyporesponsiveness to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) or inherited paternal antigens (IPAs), several groups have recently reported successful cases of non-T-celldepleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) from HLA-haploidentical family members mismatched for NIMAs. In this study, we examined the outcomes of 35 patients with advanced hematologic malignancies who underwent HLA-2-antigen or HLA-3-antigenincompatible SCT from a microchimeric NIMA-mismatched donor. After standard-intensity or reduced-intensity preparative regimens, all patients had sustained hematopoietic recovery with tacrolimus-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Grade II/IV acute GVHD occurred in 19 (56%) of 34 evaluable patients, while extensive chronic GVHD developed in 13 (57%) of 23 patients who could be evaluated. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that NIMA mismatch in the GVH direction was associated with a lower risk of severe grade III-IV acute GVHD when compared with IPA mismatch (P = .03). Fifteen patients were alive and 14 of them were disease-free with a median follow-up of 20 (range, 8 to 37) months. These results indicate that T cellreplete SCT from an HLA-haploidentical NIMA-mismatched donor can offer durable remission with an acceptable risk of GVHD in selected patients with advanced hematologic malignancies who lack immediate access to a conventional stem cell source.

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