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 Blood, 1 August 2004, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 781-783.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 6, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3468.

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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Brief report

Role of a NK receptor, KLRE-1, in bone marrow allograft rejection: analysis with KLRE-1–deficient mice

Eiko Shimizu, Junzo Koike, Hiroshi Wakao, Ken-ichiro Seino, Haruhiko Koseki, Terutaka Kakiuchi, Toshinori Nakayama, and Masaru Taniguchi

From the Department of Molecular Immunology, the Department of Molecular Embryology, and the Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan; and the Department of Immunology, Toho University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune reaction during the bone marrow allograft rejection. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms underlying the NK cell–mediated allograft recognition and rejection. In this report, we assessed the role of a recently identified NK receptor, killer cell lectinlike receptor 1 (KLRE-1), by generating knock-out mice. KLRE-1–deficient mice were born at an expected frequency and showed no aberrant phenotype on growth and lymphoid development. Nevertheless, KLRE-1–deficient cells showed a severely compromised allogeneic cytotoxic activity compared with the wild-type cells. Furthermore, allogeneic bone marrow transfer culminated in colony formation in the spleen of KLRE-1–deficient mice, whereas no colony formation was observed in wild-type recipient mice. These results demonstrate that KLRE-1 is a receptor mediating recognition and rejection of allogeneic target cells in the host immune system.


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