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Blood, 1 October 2004, Vol. 104, No. 7, pp. 1970-1978. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 8, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0525. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2004-02-0525v1 104/7/1970    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Monsurrò, V. Articles by Marincola, F. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Monsurrò, V. Articles by Marincola, F. M. Related Collections Immunobiology Immunotherapy Clinical Trials and Observations Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS Quiescent phenotype of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells following immunization Vladia Monsurrò, Ena Wang, Yoshisha Yamano, Stephen A. Migueles, Monica C. Panelli, Kina Smith, Dirk Nagorsen, Mark Connors, Steven Jacobson, and Francesco M. Marincola From the Immunogenetics Section of the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD. In a human melanoma model of tumor antigen (TA)–based immunization, we tested the functional status of TA-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A "quiescent" phenotype lacking direct ex vivo cytotoxic and proliferative potential was identified that was further characterized by comparing its transcriptional profile to that of TA-specific T cells sensitized in vitro by exposure to the same TA and the T-cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2). Quiescent circulating tumor-specific CD8+ T cells were deficient in expression of genes associated with T-cell activation, proliferation, and effector function. This quiescent status may explain the observed lack of correlation between the presence of circulating immunization-induced lymphocytes and tumor regression. In addition, the activation of TA-specific T cells by in vitro antigen recall and IL-2 suggests that a complete effector phenotype might be reinstated in vivo to fulfill the potential of anticancer vaccine protocols. 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