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Blood, 1 October 2004, Vol. 104, No. 7, pp. 2124-2133.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 10, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0064.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
In a model of tumor dormancy, long-term persistent leukemic cells have increased B7-H1 and B7.1 expression and resist CTL-mediated lysis
Aurore Saudemont, and
Bruno Quesnel
From the Unité INSERM 524, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 114, Lille, France; and Service des Maladies du Sang, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France.
In tumor dormancy, tumor cells persist in the host over a long period of time but do not grow. We investigated in the DA1-3b mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia how leukemic cells could persist for months in spite of an effective antileukemic immune response. Mice were immunized with irradiated interleukin 12 (IL12)- or CD154-transduced DA1-3b cells, challenged with wild-type DA1-3b cells, and randomly killed during 1-year follow-up. Quantification of residual disease 1 year after challenge showed that persistent leukemic cells represented less than 0.02% of spleen cells in most animals. These residual cells were still able to kill naive hosts, even when isolated after 1 year of persistence. Persistent leukemic cells were more resistant to specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL)-mediated killing and had enhanced B7-H1 and B7.1 expression proportional to the time they had persisted in the host. Blocking B7-H1 or B7.1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4) interaction enhanced CTL-mediated killing of the persistent cells, and blocking B7-H1, B7.1, or CTLA-4 in vivo prolonged survival of naive mice injected with persistent leukemic cells. Thus, escape of leukemic cells from tumor immunity via overexpression of B7-H1 or B7.1 might represent a new mechanism of tumor dormancy in acute leukemia. (Blood. 2004;104:2124-2133)
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