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Blood, 1 November 2004, Vol. 104, No. 9, pp. 2879-2885.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 24, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0132.


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NEOPLASIA

Subsets with restricted immunoglobulin gene rearrangement features indicate a role for antigen selection in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Gerard Tobin, Ulf Thunberg, Karin Karlsson, Fiona Murray, Anna Laurell, Kerstin Willander, Gunilla Enblad, Mats Merup, Juhani Vilpo, Gunnar Juliusson, Christer Sundström, Ola Söderberg, Göran Roos, and Richard Rosenquist

From the Departments of Genetics and Pathology and of Oncology, Radiology, and Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; the Department of Hematology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; the Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; the Department of Hematology at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; the Department of Clinical Chemistry at Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, and Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland; and the Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

We recently identified a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) subgroup using the immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain (VH) gene VH3-21 with almost identical heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3s (HCDR3s) and preferential variable light-chain (VL) gene usage, suggesting recognition of a common antigen epitope in this subset. To further explore the B-cell receptors (BCRs) in CLL, we characterized 407 VH rearrangements amplified from 346 CLLs regarding VH, diversity (D), and joining (JH) gene usage and performed multiple alignment of the HCDR3 sequences. These analyses revealed 3 small subsets (2 VH1-69 groups, 7 cases; and 1 VH1-2 group, 5 cases) with highly restricted HCDR3 features including identical VH/D/JH usage, HCDR3 lengths, and shared N-sequences, in addition to the VH3-21 group (22 cases). Furthermore, another 3 groups (9 VH1-3+ cases, 3 VH1-18+ cases, and 5 VH4-39+ cases) had essentially identical VH/D/JH use and similar HCDR3 lengths but less conserved N-regions. Analysis in all 6 of these subgroups showed restriction in VL gene use, whereas no association between VH and VL usage was found in cases without HCDR3 similarities. Altogether, structurally similar HCDR3s associated with preferential VL gene usage implies selection of BCRs, especially in subsets showing high HCDR3 similarities, thus pointing to restricted antigen recognition sites and possibly involvement of specific antigens in CLL development.


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