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Blood, 15 May 2005, Vol. 105, No. 10, pp. 3918-3924. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 8, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3689.
HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY Rapid ubiquitination of Syk following GPVI activation in plateletsFrom the Department of Pharmacology, the Department of Physiology, the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation is a key intermediate step in the activation of platelets by the physiologic agonist collagen. We have found that Syk is rapidly ubiquitinated upon activation of platelets by collagen, collagen-related peptide (CRP), and convulxin. The Src family kinase inhibitors prevented Syk phosphorylation and its ubiquitination, indicating that the process is downstream of Src kinases. The ubiquitination of Syk did not cause degradation of the protein as evidenced by the lack of effect of proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors. We separated ubiquitinated Syk from its nonubiquitinated counterpart and used an in vitro kinase assay to compare their activities. We found that the ubiquitinated Syk appeared to be about 5-fold more active. Using a phosphospecific antibody to Syk (Tyr525/Tyr526) that measures activated Syk, we found that most (60%-75%) of the active Syk is in the ubiquitinated fraction. This result explains the apparent high specific activity of ubiquitinated Syk. In c-Cbldeficient mice, Syk is not ubiquitinated, implicating c-Cbl as the E3 ligase involved in Syk ubiquitination. Furthermore, Syk is not dephosphorylated in these mice. We propose that c-Cbl plays a regulatory role in glycoprotein VI (GPVI)/Fc receptor
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