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Blood, 15 February 2005, Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 1484-1491. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 28, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2856. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2004-07-2856v1 105/4/1484    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Monteiro, J. P. Articles by Bonomo, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Monteiro, J. P. Articles by Bonomo, A. Related Collections Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  HEMATOPOIESIS Normal hematopoiesis is maintained by activated bone marrow CD4+ T cells João P. Monteiro, Aline Benjamin, Elaine S. Costa, Marcello A. Barcinski, and Adriana Bonomo From the Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Brazil; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Pediatria e Puericultura Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CD4+ T cells produce hematopoietic-related cytokines and are essential for hematopoiesis stimulation during infection and hematologic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. However, it remains unclear if T cells are necessary to maintain normal hematopoiesis. We report here that, in T-cell–deficient mice, terminal differentiation of myeloid progenitors is defective, resulting in very low levels of granulocytes in the periphery. Hematopoiesis is restored after thymus graft or reconstitution with CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells. Bone marrow CD4+ T cells have an activated phenotype and produce cytokines, apparently, in the absence of exogenous stimulation. Transgenic mice carrying T-cell receptor specific for an ovalbumin peptide presented in the context of a specific class II molecule (I-Ad) (DO11.10 RAG–/–) show the same hematopoietic deficiency as athymic mice. Their bone marrow CD4+ T cells are not activated, suggesting that hematopoiesis maintenance requires the presence of cognate antigen in order to activate bone marrow T-helper cells. In fact, priming of transgenic mice with ovalbumin restores normal hematopoiesis. The data show that the current concept of "normal hematopoiesis" does not reflect a basal bone marrow activity, but it is an antigen-induced state maintained by constant activation of bone marrow CD4+ T cells. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: J. H. Lee, C. Wang, and C. H. Kim FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells Restrain Splenic Extramedullary Myelopoiesis via Suppression of Hemopoietic Cytokine-Producing T Cells J. Immunol., November 15, 2009; 183(10): 6377 - 6386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Smith, S. von Vietinghoff, M. A. Stark, A. Zarbock, J. M. Sanders, A. Duley, J. Rivera-Nieves, T. P. Bender, and K. 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