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Blood, 15 February 2005, Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 1815-1822. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 19, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1559. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figures All Versions of this Article: 2004-04-1559v1 105/4/1815    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Aggarwal, S. Articles by Pittenger, M. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Aggarwal, S. Articles by Pittenger, M. F. Related Collections Transplantation Immunotherapy Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  TRANSPLANTATION Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses Sudeepta Aggarwal, and Mark F. Pittenger From Osiris Therapeutics, Baltimore, MD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in several adult tissues. Transplanted allogeneic MSCs can be detected in recipients at extended time points, indicating a lack of immune recognition and clearance. As well, a role for bone marrow-derived MSCs in reducing the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during allogeneic transplantation has recently been reported; however, the mechanisms remain to be investigated. We examined the immunomodulatory functions of human MSCs (hMSCs) by coculturing them with purified subpopulations of immune cells and report here that hMSCs altered the cytokine secretion profile of dendritic cells (DCs), naive and effector T cells (T helper 1 [TH1] and TH2), and natural killer (NK) cells to induce a more anti-inflammatory or tolerant phenotype. Specifically, the hMSCs caused mature DCs type 1 (DC1) to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) secretion and mature DC2 to increase interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion; hMSCs caused TH1 cells to decrease interferon (IFN-) and caused the TH2 cells to increase secretion of IL-4; hMSCs caused an increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells (TRegs) present; and hMSCs decreased secretion of IFN- from the NK cells. Mechanistically, the hMSCs produced elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in co-cultures, and inhibitors of PGE2 production mitigated hMSC-mediated immune modulation. These data offer insight into the interactions between allogeneic MSCs and immune cells and provide mechanisms likely involved with the in vivo MSC-mediated induction of tolerance that could be therapeutic for reduction of GVHD, rejection, and modulation of inflammation. (Blood. 2005;105:1815-1822) CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: R. Atoui, D. Shum-Tim, and R. C.J. Chiu Myocardial regenerative therapy: immunologic basis for the potential "universal donor cells". Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2008; 86(1): 327 - 334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. Khayrullina, J.-H. Yen, H. Jing, and D. Ganea In Vitro Differentiation of Dendritic Cells in the Presence of Prostaglandin E2 Alters the IL-12/IL-23 Balance and Promotes Differentiation of Th17 Cells J. Immunol., July 1, 2008; 181(1): 721 - 735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] G. Lazennec and C. 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