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 Blood, 1 July 2005, Vol. 106, No. 1, pp. 144-149.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 24, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2940.

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IMMUNOBIOLOGY

Cytotoxic minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1–specific CD8+ effector memory T cells: artificial APCs pave the way for clinical application by potent primary in vitro induction

Karin Schilbach, Gunter Kerst, Steffen Walter, Matthias Eyrich, Dorothee Wernet, Rupert Handgretinger, Weidong Xie, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Ingo Müller, Hans-Jörg Bühring, and Dietrich Niethammer

From the University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.

Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for treatment of relapsed leukemia after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation is hindered by the laborious and time-consuming procedure of generating dendritic cells for antigen presentation. Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) offer the advantage of being readily available in sufficient numbers, thus allowing for a highly standardized in vitro induction of CTLs. We generated aAPCs coated with anti-CD28 antibody (Ab) and either high-density (HD) or low-density (LD) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules loaded with HA-1H, a nonapeptide derived from the hematopoiesis-restricted minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1. HD- and LD-aAPCs potently induced HA-1H–specific CD8+ CTLs from untouched CD8+ T cells of healthy donors. CTLs were subsequently purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting. HD- as well as LD-aAPC–induced CTLs exerted high HA-1H–specific cytotoxicity, resembled Tc1 effector memory cells, survived a long time in vitro, and were expanded by a factor varying between 8.2 x 104 and 51 x 104. The T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of HA-1H tetramer–positive CTLs was oligoclonal with a prominent usage of V{beta}6. The TCR repertoire of tetramer-positive CTLs was distinct from and more restricted than that of tetramer-negative cells. These findings indicate that aAPCs are attractive tools for the ex vivo generation of HA-1H–specific CTLs suitable for immunotherapy of relapsed leukemia.


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