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Blood, 1 December 2005, Vol. 106, No. 12, pp. 3839-3845. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 16, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0394. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-01-0394v1 106/12/3839    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Muthukumar, A. Articles by Sodora, D. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Muthukumar, A. Articles by Sodora, D. L. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  IMMUNOBIOLOGY Timely triggering of homeostatic mechanisms involved in the regulation of T-cell levels in SIVsm-infected sooty mangabeys Alagarraju Muthukumar, Dejiang Zhou, Mirko Paiardini, Ashley P. Barry, Kelly S. Cole, Harold M. McClure, Silvija I. Staprans, Guido Silvestri, and Donald L. Sodora From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Urbino, Urbino (PU), Italy. Sooty mangabeys, the natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm), generally avoid progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells and opportunistic infections associated with infection of humans (HIV) and macaques (SIVmac). The means by which the SIVsm-infected mangabeys maintain CD4+ T-cell levels despite high rates of viral replication is unknown. One cytokine that has a key role in the regulation of T-cell levels is interleukin-7 (IL-7). Here, the longitudinal assessment of 6 SIVsm-infected mangabeys identified an early increase in plasma IL-7 levels at weeks 1 to 5 after infection. This IL-7 increase correlated with an early decline in CD4+ T-cell levels (decline of 492-1171 cells/µL) accompanying acute viremia. Elevated IL-7 levels were followed by increased T-cell proliferation (Ki67) and maintenance of lower but stable (more than 500 cells/µL) CD4+ T-cell levels in each mangabey through 37 weeks of infection. These data contrast with our earlier studies in SIVmac-infected macaques, in which the IL-7 increase was delayed until 20 to 40 weeks after infection, just before the onset of simian AIDS. Taken together, these data suggest that timely triggering of IL-7 is important for stabilizing healthy T-cell levels in mangabeys and that timely administration of exogenous IL-7 may show benefit during pathogenic SIVmac and HIV infection. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A. Durudas, J. M. Milush, H.-L. Chen, J. C. Engram, G. Silvestri, and D. L. Sodora Elevated Levels of Innate Immune Modulators in Lymph Nodes and Blood Are Associated with More-Rapid Disease Progression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Monkeys J. Virol., December 1, 2009; 83(23): 12229 - 12240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Paiardini, B. Cervasi, J. C. Engram, S. N. Gordon, N. R. Klatt, A. Muthukumar, J. Else, R. S. Mittler, S. I. Staprans, D. L. Sodora, et al. Bone marrow-based homeostatic proliferation of mature T cells in nonhuman primates: implications for AIDS pathogenesis Blood, January 15, 2009; 113(3): 612 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. N. Gordon, R. M. Dunham, J. C. Engram, J. Estes, Z. Wang, N. R. Klatt, M. Paiardini, I. V. Pandrea, C. Apetrei, D. L. Sodora, et al. Short-Lived Infected Cells Support Virus Replication in Sooty Mangabeys Naturally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for AIDS Pathogenesis J. Virol., April 1, 2008; 82(7): 3725 - 3735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. A. Kosub, G. Lehrman, J. M. Milush, D. Zhou, E. Chacko, A. Leone, S. Gordon, G. Silvestri, J. G. Else, P. Keiser, et al. Gamma/Delta T-Cell Functional Responses Differ after Pathogenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Nonpathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections J. Virol., February 1, 2008; 82(3): 1155 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. N. Gordon, N. R. Klatt, S. E. Bosinger, J. M. Brenchley, J. M. Milush, J. C. Engram, R. M. Dunham, M. Paiardini, S. Klucking, A. Danesh, et al. Severe Depletion of Mucosal CD4+ T Cells in AIDS-Free Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Sooty Mangabeys J. Immunol., September 1, 2007; 179(5): 3026 - 3034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. M. Milush, J. D. Reeves, S. N. Gordon, D. Zhou, A. Muthukumar, D. A. Kosub, E. Chacko, L. D. Giavedoni, C. C. Ibegbu, K. S. Cole, et al. Virally Induced CD4+ T Cell Depletion Is Not Sufficient to Induce AIDS in a Natural Host J. Immunol., September 1, 2007; 179(5): 3047 - 3056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. A. Sariol, J. L. Munoz-Jordan, K. Abel, L. C. Rosado, P. Pantoja, L. Giavedoni, I. V. Rodriguez, L. J. White, M. Martinez, T. Arana, et al. Transcriptional Activation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes but Not of Cytokine Genes after Primary Infection of Rhesus Macaques with Dengue Virus Type 1 Clin. Vaccine Immunol., June 1, 2007; 14(6): 756 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. VandeWoude and C. Apetrei Going Wild: Lessons from Naturally Occurring T-Lymphotropic Lentiviruses Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2006; 19(4): 728 - 762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. Finzi, S. F. Plaeger, and C. W. Dieffenbach Defective Virus Drives Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Persistence, and Pathogenesis. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2006; 13(7): 715 - 721. [Full Text] [PDF]

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