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Blood, 15 December 2005, Vol. 106, No. 13, pp. 4370-4376. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 30, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1644. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-04-1644v1 106/13/4370    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Cooley, S. Articles by Miller, J. S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cooley, S. Articles by Miller, J. S. Related Collections Immunobiology Transplantation Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  TRANSPLANTATION KIR reconstitution is altered by T cells in the graft and correlates with clinical outcomes after unrelated donor transplantation Sarah Cooley, Valarie McCullar, Rosanna Wangen, Tracy L. Bergemann, Stephen Spellman, Daniel J. Weisdorf, and Jeffrey S. Miller From the Division of Medical Hematology-Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), Minneapolis, MN. Although unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is curative for many hematologic malignancies, complications and relapse remain challenging obstacles. Natural killer (NK) cells, which recover quickly after transplantation, produce cytokines and express killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that regulate their cytotoxicity. Some clinical trials based on a KIR ligand mismatch strategy are associated with less relapse and increased survival, but results are mixed. We hypothesized that T cells in the graft may affect NK cell function and KIR expression after unrelated transplantation and that these differences correlate with clinical outcomes. NK cell function was evaluated using 77 paired samples from the National Marrow Donor Program Research Repository. Recipient NK cells at 100 days after both unmanipulated bone marrow (UBM) and T-cell depleted (TCD) transplants were compared with NK cells from their healthy donors. NK cells expressed fewer KIRs and produced more interferon (IFN-) after UBM compared to TCD transplants. Multivariate models showed that increased NK cell IFN- production correlated with more acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and decreased KIR expression correlated with inferior survival. These results support the notion that T cells in the graft affect NK cell reconstitution in vivo. 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