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Blood, 15 August 2005, Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 1423-1431.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 12, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4112.
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PHAGOCYTES
Siglec-9 transduces apoptotic and nonapoptotic death signals into neutrophils depending on the proinflammatory cytokine environment
Stephan von Gunten,
Shida Yousefi,
Michael Seitz,
Stephan M. Jakob,
Thomas Schaffner,
Reinhard Seger,
Jukka Takala,
Peter M. Villiger, and
Hans-Uwe Simon
From the Department of Pharmacology, the Department of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology/Allergology, the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, and the Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bern; and University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
We report about new apoptotic and non-apoptotic death pathways in neutrophils that are initiated via the surface molecule sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-9. In normal neutrophils, Siglec-9 ligation induced apoptosis. Inflammatory neutrophils obtained from patients with acute septic shock or rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated increased Siglec-9, but normal Fas receptor-mediated cytotoxic responses when compared with normal blood neutrophils. The increased Siglec-9-mediated death was mimicked in vitro by short-term preincubation of normal neutrophils with proinflammatory cytokines, such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon- (IFN-), and IFN- , and was demonstrated to be caspase independent. Experiments using scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or neutrophils unable to generate ROS indicated that both Siglec-9-mediated caspase-dependent and caspase-independent forms of neutrophil death depend on ROS. Interestingly, the caspase-independent form of neutrophil death was characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization and several other nonapoptotic morphologic features, which were also seen in neutrophils present in joint fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Taken together, these data suggest that apoptotic (ROS- and caspase-dependent) and nonapoptotic (ROS-dependent) death pathways are initiated in neutrophils via Siglec-9. The new insights have important implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. (Blood. 2005;106:1423-1431)
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