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Blood, 15 June 2006, Vol. 107, No. 12, pp. 4781-4789. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 7, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-12-4818. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-12-4818v1 107/12/4781    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Betts, M. R. Articles by Koup, R. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Betts, M. R. Articles by Koup, R. A. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  IMMUNOBIOLOGY HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells Michael R. Betts, Martha C. Nason, Sadie M. West, Stephen C. De Rosa, Stephen A. Migueles, Jonathan Abraham, Michael M. Lederman, Jose M. Benito, Paul A. Goepfert, Mark Connors, Mario Roederer, and Richard A. Koup From the Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Center for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Establishing a CD8+ T cell–mediated immune correlate of protection in HIV disease is crucial to the development of vaccines designed to generate cell-mediated immunity. Historically, neither the quantity nor breadth of the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response has correlated conclusively with protection. Here, we assess the quality of the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response by measuring 5 CD8+ T-cell functions (degranulation, IFN-, MIP-1, TNF-, and IL-2) simultaneously in chronically HIV-infected individuals and elite nonprogressors. We find that the functional profile of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in progressors is limited compared to that of nonprogressors, who consistently maintain highly functional CD8+ T cells. This limited functionality is independent of HLA type and T-cell memory phenotype, is HIV-specific rather than generalized, and is not effectively restored by therapeutic intervention. Whereas the total HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell frequency did not correlate with viral load, the frequency and proportion of the HIV-specific T-cell response with highest functionality inversely correlated with viral load in the progressors. Thus, rather than quantity or phenotype, the quality of the CD8+ T-cell functional response serves as an immune correlate of HIV disease progression and a potential qualifying factor for evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: H. R. Fryer, A. Scherer, A. Oxenius, R. Phillips, and A. R. McLean No evidence for competition between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in HIV-1 infection Proc R Soc B, December 22, 2009; 276(1677): 4389 - 4397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. A. Migueles, K. A. Weeks, E. Nou, A. M. Berkley, J. E. Rood, C. M. Osborne, C. W. Hallahan, N. A. Cogliano-Shutta, J. A. Metcalf, M. McLaughlin, et al. 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