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Blood, 15 January 2006, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 796-805. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 29, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-05-1902.
PHAGOCYTES The intracellular domain of CD44 promotes the fusion of macrophagesFrom the Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, New Haven, CT; Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT; and Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT.
Macrophages seed all tissues in which they have the ability, in specific and rare instances, to fuse with themselves and to differentiate into osteoclasts in bone or into giant cells in chronic inflammatory reactions. Although these cells play a central role in osteoporosis and in foreign body rejection, respectively, the molecular mechanism used by macrophages to fuse remains poorly understood. Macrophages might also fuse with somatic and tumor cells to promote tissue repair and metastasis, respectively. We reported that CD44 expression is highly induced in macrophages at the onset of fusion in which it plays a role. We report now that the intracellular domain of CD44 (CD44ICD) is cleaved in macrophages undergoing fusion and that presenilin inhibitors prevent the release of CD44ICD and fusion. We also show that CD44ICD promotes the fusion of tissue macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Finally, we report that CD44ICD is localized in the nucleus of macrophages in which it promotes the activation of NF-
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