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Blood, 15 March 2006, Vol. 107, No. 6, pp. 2507-2516.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 17, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3732.
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NEOPLASIA
A MAPK/HNRPK pathway controls BCR/ABL oncogenic potential by regulating MYC mRNA translation
Mario Notari,
Paolo Neviani,
Ramasamy Santhanam,
Bradley W. Blaser,
Ji-Suk Chang,
Annamaria Galietta,
Anne E. Willis,
Denis C. Roy,
Michael A. Caligiuri,
Guido Marcucci, and
Danilo Perrotti
From the Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU-CCC), Columbus, OH; the School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and the Division of Hematology-Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Altered mRNA translation is one of the effects exerted by the BCR/ABL oncoprotein in the blast crisis phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here, we report that in BCR/ABL+ cell lines and in patient-derived CML blast crisis mononuclear and CD34+ cells, p210BCR/ABL increases expression and activity of the transcriptional-inducer and translational-regulator heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K or HNRPK) in a dose- and kinase-dependent manner through the activation of the MAPKERK1/2 pathway. Furthermore, HNRPK down-regulation and interference with HNRPK translation-but not transcription-regulatory activity impairs cytokine-independent proliferation, clonogenic potential, and in vivo leukemogenic activity of BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid 32Dcl3 and/or primary CD34+ CML-BC patient cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that decreased internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent Myc mRNA translation accounts for the phenotypic changes induced by inhibition of the BCR/ABL-ERK-dependent HNRPK translation-regulatory function. Accordingly, MYC protein but not mRNA levels are increased in the CD34+ fraction of patients with CML in accelerated and blastic phase but not in chronic phase CML patients and in the CD34+ fraction of marrow cells from healthy donors. Thus, BCR/ABL-dependent enhancement of HNRPK translation-regulation is important for BCR/ABL leukemogenesis and, perhaps, it might contribute to blast crisis transformation. (Blood. 2006;107:2507-2516)

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