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Blood, 1 May 2006, Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 3455-3462.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 15, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3430.


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CLINICAL TRIALS AND OBSERVATIONS

A phase 3 study of deferasirox (ICL670), a once-daily oral iron chelator, in patients with beta-thalassemia

Maria Domenica Cappellini, Alan Cohen, Antonio Piga, Mohamed Bejaoui, Silverio Perrotta, Leyla Agaoglu, Yesim Aydinok, Antonis Kattamis, Yurdanur Kilinc, John Porter, Marcello Capra, Renzo Galanello, Slaheddine Fattoum, Guillermo Drelichman, Carmelo Magnano, Monica Verissimo, Miranda Athanassiou-Metaxa, Patricia Giardina, Alexandra Kourakli-Symeonidis, Gritta Janka-Schaub, Thomas Coates, Christiane Vermylen, Nancy Olivieri, Isabelle Thuret, Herbert Opitz, Catherine Ressayre-Djaffer, Peter Marks, and Daniele Alberti

From the Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli, Regina Elena Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico di natura pubblica (IRCCS), Universita di Milano, Milan, Italy; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Ospedale Regina Margherita, Turin, Italy; Centre National des Greffes de la Moelle Osseuse, Tunis, Tunisia; I° Policlinico II° Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy; Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Turkey; Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Greece; Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey; University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Ospedale Civico e Benefratelli G. Di Cristina M. Ascoli, Palermo, Italy; Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie, Cagliari, Italy; Hospital d'Enfants, Tunis, Tunisia; Hospital de Ninos Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Az. Ospedale di Riliervo Nazionale e di Alta Spec. Garibaldi, Catania, Italy; Centro Infantil de Investigacoes Hematologicas Dr Boldrini, Campinas, Brazil; "Hippokration" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece; New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; University Hospital of Patras, Greece; Universitaetskrankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Cliniques Universtaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, Marseille, France; and Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.

Deferasirox (ICL670) is a once-daily oral iron chelator developed for the treatment of chronic iron overload from blood transfusions. A comparative phase 3 trial was conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of deferasirox in regularly transfused patients with beta-thalassemia aged 2 years or older. Patients were randomized and received treatment with deferasirox (n = 296) or deferoxamine (n = 290), with dosing of each according to baseline liver iron concentration (LIC). The primary endpoint was maintenance or reduction of LIC; secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability, change in serum ferritin level, and net body iron balance. In both arms, patients with LIC values of 7 mg Fe/g dry weight (dw) or higher had significant and similar dose-dependent reductions in LIC and serum ferritin, and effects on net body iron balance. However, the primary endpoint was not met in the overall population, possibly due to the fact that proportionally lower doses of deferasirox relative to deferoxamine were administered to patients with LIC values less than 7 mg Fe/g dw. The most common adverse events included rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, and mild nonprogressive increases in serum creatinine. No agranulocytosis, arthropathy, or growth failure was associated with deferasirox administration. Deferasirox is a promising once-daily oral therapy for the treatment of transfusional iron overload.


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