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Blood, 15 November 2006, Vol. 108, No. 10, pp. 3548-3555.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 27, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-12-013748.


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NEOPLASIA

Mutation of JAK2 in the myeloproliferative disorders: timing, clonality studies, cytogenetic associations, and role in leukemic transformation

Peter J. Campbell, E. Joanna Baxter, Philip A. Beer, Linda M. Scott, Anthony J. Bench, Brian J. P. Huntly, Wendy N. Erber, Rajko Kusec, Thomas Stauffer Larsen, Stéphane Giraudier, Marie-Caroline Le Bousse-Kerdilès, Martin Griesshammer, John T. Reilly, Betty Y. Cheung, Claire N. Harrison, and Anthony R. Green

From the Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Haematology and Clinical Chemistry Departments, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; Haematology and Pathology Departments, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U362, Villejuif and Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Henri Mondor Hospital, France; INSERM U602, Institut André Lwoff, Université Paris 11, Villejuif, France; Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Haematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; and Department of Haematology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

The identification of an acquired mutation of JAK2 in patients with myeloproliferative disorders has raised questions about the relationship between mutation-positive and mutation-negative subtypes, timing of the JAK2 mutation, and molecular mechanisms of disease progression. Here we demonstrate that patients with V617F- essential thrombocythemia do not commonly progress to become V617F+. Consistent with the concept of distinct pathogenetic mechanisms, we show that patients with and without the JAK2 mutation have different patterns of cytogenetic abnormality, with virtually all patients carrying the 20q deletion or trisomy 9 being V617F+. We also investigated the existence of a "pre-JAK2" phase by comparing the proportion of clonally derived granulocytes, estimated from X-chromosome inactivation patterns (XCIPs), with the proportion of V617F+ granulocytes. Our results demonstrate that inherent XCIP variability between granulocytes and T cells produces a systematically biased pattern of results that may be misinterpreted as evidence for an excess of clonally derived granulocytes, an observation that limits the utility of XCIP analysis in this context. Lastly, we studied 4 patients with V617F+ myeloproliferative disorders who subsequently developed acute myeloid leukemia. In 3 patients the leukemic cells were V617F-, suggesting that in these patients the leukemia arose in a V617F- cell.


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