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Blood, 15 September 2006, Vol. 108, No. 6, pp. 1809-1820.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 18, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-02-005686.


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REVIEW ARTICLES

Evolving concepts in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of the European LeukemiaNet

Michele Baccarani, Giuseppe Saglio, John Goldman, Andreas Hochhaus, Bengt Simonsson, Frederick Appelbaum, Jane Apperley, Francisco Cervantes, Jorge Cortes, Michael Deininger, Alois Gratwohl, François Guilhot, Mary Horowitz, Timothy Hughes, Hagop Kantarjian, Richard Larson, Dietger Niederwieser, Richard Silver, and Rudiger Hehlmann

From the Department of Hematology/Oncology "L. and A. Seràgnoli," University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Hematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Leukemia, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland; Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Medical Oncology, Equipe d'accueil (EA) 3805, and Clinical Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) La Miletrie, Poitiers, France; Centre for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, IL; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Leipzig, Germany; and New York Presbyterian–Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.

The introduction of imatinib mesylate (IM) has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although experience is too limited to permit evidence-based evaluation of survival, the available data fully justify critical reassessment of CML management. The panel therefore reviewed treatment of CML since 1998. It confirmed the value of IM (400 mg/day) and of conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). It recommended that the preferred initial treatment for most patients newly diagnosed in chronic phase should now be 400 mg IM daily. A dose increase of IM, alloHSCT, or investigational treatments were recommended in case of failure, and could be considered in case of suboptimal response. Failure was defined at 3 months (no hematologic response [HR]), 6 months (incomplete HR or no cytogenetic response [CgR]), 12 months (less than partial CgR [Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) > 35%]), 18 months (less than complete CgR), and in case of HR or CgR loss, or appearance of highly IM-resistant BCR-ABL mutations. Suboptimal response was defined at 3 months (incomplete HR), 6 months (less than partial CgR), 12 months (less than complete CgR), 18 months (less than major molecular response [MMolR]), and, in case of MMolR loss, other mutations or other chromosomal abnormalities. The importance of regular monitoring at experienced centers was highlighted.


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