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Blood, 1 October 2006, Vol. 108, No. 7, pp. 2198-2206.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 6, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-04-019760.
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HEMATOPOIESIS
Maturation stagespecific regulation of megakaryopoiesis by pointed-domain Ets proteins
Liyan Pang,
Hai-Hui Xue,
Gabor Szalai,
Xun Wang,
Yuhuan Wang,
Dennis K. Watson,
Warren J. Leonard,
Gerd A. Blobel, and
Mortimer Poncz
From the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD; the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
Numerous megakaryocyte-specific genes contain signature Ets-binding sites in their regulatory regions. Fli-1 (friend leukemia integration 1), an Ets transcription factor, is required for the normal maturation of megakaryocytes and controls the expression of multiple megakaryocyte-specific genes. However, in Fli-1/ mice, early megakaryopoiesis persists, and the expression of the early megakaryocyte-specific genes, IIb and cMpl, is maintained, consistent with functional compensation by a related Ets factor(s). Here we identify the Ets protein GABP (GA-binding protein ) as a regulator of early megakaryocyte-specific genes. Notably, GABP preferentially occupies Ets elements of early megakaryocyte-specific genes in vitro and in vivo, whereas Fli-1 binds both early and late megakaryocyte-specific genes. Moreover, the ratio of GABP /Fli-1 expression declines throughout megakaryocyte maturation. Consistent with this expression pattern, primary fetal liverderived megakaryocytes from Fli-1deficient murine embryos exhibit reduced expression of genes associated with late stages of maturation (glycoprotein [GP] Ib , GPIX, and platelet factor 4 [PF4]), whereas GABP -deficient megakaryocytes were mostly impaired in the expression of early megakaryocyte-specific genes ( IIb and cMpl). Finally, mechanistic experiments revealed that GABP , like Fli-1, can impart transcriptional synergy between the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1 and its cofactor FOG-1 (friend of GATA-1). In concert, these data reveal disparate, but overlapping, functions of Ets transcription factors at distinct stages of megakaryocyte maturation.

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