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Blood, 1 June 2007, Vol. 109, No. 11, pp. 4708-4715.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 27, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-04-015230.
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GENE THERAPY
The potential immunogenicity of the TK suicide gene does not prevent full clinical benefit associated with the use of TK-transduced donor lymphocytes in HSCT for hematologic malignancies
Catia Traversari1,
Sarah Marktel2,
Zulma Magnani3,
Patrizia Mangia1,
Vincenzo Russo3,
Fabio Ciceri2,4,
Chiara Bonini2,4, and
Claudio Bordignon1,4
1 MolMed, Milan, Italy;
2 Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and
3 Cancer Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy Program, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy;
4 Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for genetic and acquired hematologic diseases. With the improvements in gene transfer and expression, factors affecting safety and efficacy of gene therapy can now be evaluated to establish the best clinical benefit-to-risk ratio. The induction of immune responses against gene therapy components is one of the potential limitations. We studied the occurrence of such event in 23 patients treated with donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs), with lymphocytes transduced to express the HSV-TK suicide gene for relapse of hematologic malignancies occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The suicide gene was used to selectively control graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Seven patients given infusions late after HSCT developed an immune response against the transgene. Immunization involved appearance of thymidine kinase (TK)–specific CD8+ effectors and required a level of immunocompetence at the time of TK-DLI that can be achieved only several months after transplantation. This did not prevent graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect of the TK-DLI, since 5 of 7 immunized patients maintained the complete remission achieved prior to immunization. We suggest that appropriate study designs taking into account the immune suppression of the patient and time-kinetics of GvL mediated by TK-transduced donor lymphocytes may allow the full exploitation of TK-DLI.
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