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 Blood, 15 June 2007, Vol. 109, No. 12, pp. 5390-5398.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 27, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-12-061812.

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IMMUNOBIOLOGY

CD38/CD19: a lipid raft–dependent signaling complex in human B cells

Silvia Deaglio1,2, Tiziana Vaisitti1,2, Richard Billington3, Luciana Bergui4, Paola Omede'4, Armando A. Genazzani3, and Fabio Malavasi1,2

1 Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry and 2 Research Center on Experimental Medicine (CeRMS), University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy; 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmeceutiche e Farmecologiche (DiSCAFF) and the Drug & Food Biotechnology (DFB) Center, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; 4 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy

The present work deals with the mechanisms of signal transduction mediated via CD38 in normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes. The results indicate that CD38 is a receptor and that CD38-mediated signals are tightly regulated at 3 distinct levels. The first concerns the structural organization of CD38, which is clearly divided into monomeric and dimeric forms. The second level of regulation is based on the dynamic localization of CD38 molecules in lipid microdomains within the plasma membrane. Lateral associations with other proteins, namely with the CD19/CD81 complex, determine the third level of control. Raft localization and association with the CD19 complex are prerequisites for CD38-mediated signals in tonsillar B cells and in continuous lines. Lastly, the results indicate that lipid microdomain disruption and silencing of CD19 directly impacts on CD38's ability to mediate Ca2+ fluxes, while leaving its surface expression unchanged. CD38 is also an enzyme capable of producing several calcium-mobilizing metabolites including cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). Our inability to identify a correlation between the production of cADPR and the receptorial functions support the hypothesis that CD38 is a pleiotropic molecule whose behavior as a receptor is independent from its enzymatic activity.


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