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Blood, 15 January 2007, Vol. 109, No. 2, pp. 619-625. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 14, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-06-027136. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figure All Versions of this Article: blood-2006-06-027136v1 109/2/619    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zhu, J. Articles by Yang, Y. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zhu, J. Articles by Yang, Y. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  IMMUNOBIOLOGY Innate immunity against vaccinia virus is mediated by TLR2 and requires TLR-independent production of IFN-ß Jiangao Zhu1, Jennifer Martinez2, Xiaopei Huang1, and Yiping Yang1,2, 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and 2 Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC Vaccinia virus (VV) has been used extensively as a vaccine vehicle in the clinical application for infectious diseases and cancer. Previous studies have suggested that the unique potency of VV-based vaccine lies in its effective activation of the innate immune system. However, how VV activates innate immune pathways remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that VV elicited innate immune response through both Toll-like receptor (TLR)–dependent and –independent pathways. The TLR pathway was mediated by TLR2 and MyD88, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas activation of the TLR-independent pathway resulted in the secretion of IFN-ß. More importantly, both TLR-dependent and -independent pathways were required for activating innate and adaptive immunity to VV in vivo. These findings represent the first evidence that innate immune recognition of VV is mediated by TLR2, demonstrate that one pathogen can target both TLR and non-TLR innate immune pathways to work together in achieving efficient activation of host defense, and suggest potential new strategies for the design of effective vaccines. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: Y. Zhao, C. De Trez, R. Flynn, C. F. Ware, M. Croft, and S. Salek-Ardakani The Adaptor Molecule MyD88 Directly Promotes CD8 T Cell Responses to Vaccinia Virus J. Immunol., May 15, 2009; 182(10): 6278 - 6286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] X. Ma, A. Serna, R.-H. Xu, and L. J. Sigal The Amino Acid Sequences Flanking an Antigenic Determinant Can Strongly Affect MHC Class I Cross-Presentation without Altering Direct Presentation J. Immunol., April 15, 2009; 182(8): 4601 - 4607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Quigley, J. Martinez, X. Huang, and Y. Yang A critical role for direct TLR2-MyD88 signaling in CD8 T-cell clonal expansion and memory formation following vaccinia viral infection Blood, March 5, 2009; 113(10): 2256 - 2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Z. Waibler, M. Anzaghe, T. Frenz, A. Schwantes, C. Pohlmann, H. Ludwig, M. Palomo-Otero, A. Alcami, G. Sutter, and U. Kalinke Vaccinia Virus-Mediated Inhibition of Type I Interferon Responses Is a Multifactorial Process Involving the Soluble Type I Interferon Receptor B18 and Intracellular Components J. Virol., February 15, 2009; 83(4): 1563 - 1571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Quigley, X. Huang, and Y. Yang STAT1 Signaling in CD8 T Cells Is Required for Their Clonal Expansion and Memory Formation Following Viral Infection In Vivo J. Immunol., February 15, 2008; 180(4): 2158 - 2164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. Martinez, X. Huang, and Y. Yang Direct Action of Type I IFN on NK Cells Is Required for Their Activation in Response to Vaccinia Viral Infection In Vivo J. Immunol., February 1, 2008; 180(3): 1592 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. Novy, M. Quigley, X. Huang, and Y. Yang CD4 T Cells Are Required for CD8 T Cell Survival during Both Primary and Memory Recall Responses J. Immunol., December 15, 2007; 179(12): 8243 - 8251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Z. Waibler, M. Anzaghe, H. Ludwig, S. Akira, S. Weiss, G. Sutter, and U. Kalinke Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Induces Toll-Like Receptor-Independent Type I Interferon Responses J. Virol., November 15, 2007; 81(22): 12102 - 12110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Q. Zhang, Y. A. Yu, E. Wang, N. Chen, R. L. Danner, P. J. Munson, F. M. Marincola, and A. A. Szalay Eradication of Solid Human Breast Tumors in Nude Mice with an Intravenously Injected Light-Emitting Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Cancer Res., October 15, 2007; 67(20): 10038 - 10046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Chang, A. Dolganiuc, and G. Szabo Toll-like receptors 1 and 6 are involved in TLR2-mediated macrophage activation by hepatitis C virus core and NS3 proteins J. Leukoc. Biol., September 1, 2007; 82(3): 479 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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