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Blood, 15 January 2007, Vol. 109, No. 2, pp. 756-762. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 31, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-01-011007.
NEOPLASIA Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in single cells from leukemia patients1 Hematology Branch and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 2 Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; 3 Division of Hematology, University of Sãtao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
A high frequency of mtDNA somatic mutation has been observed in many tumors as well as in aging tissues. In this study, we analyzed the mtDNA control region sequence variation in 3534 single normal cells and individual blasts from 18 patients with leukemia and 10 healthy donors, to address the mutation process in leukemic cells. We found significant differences in mtDNA sequence, as represented by the number of haplotypes and the mean number of cells with each nonaggregate haplotype in a population of cells, in patients compared to controls. Patients with similar clinical leukemia types, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), did not show a uniform pattern of sequence variation in single blasts. Some patients at relapse presented a complex shift of major haplotypes in single cells. Four patients showed high frequencies of cells containing mutations 189, 260, 16150, and 16488, respectively, as a result of clonal expansion and could be considered as potential markers for their respective disease progression. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study of mtDNA variation in single malignant cells. Our results suggest that the somatic mutation process in leukemia is complex, leading to diverse levels of genetic alterations due to either intrinsic aspects of leukemia pathophysiology or chemotherapy effects.
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