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Blood, 1 February 2007, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 1069-1076.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 26, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-05-024364.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Paucity of CD4+CCR5+ T cells is a typical feature of natural SIV hosts
Ivona Pandrea1,
Cristian Apetrei1,
Shari Gordon2,3,
Joseph Barbercheck1,
Jason Dufour1,
Rudolf Bohm1,
Beth Sumpter3,
Pierre Roques4,
Preston A. Marx1,
Vanessa M. Hirsch5,
Amitinder Kaur6,
Andrew A. Lackner1,
Ronald S. Veazey1, and
Guido Silvestri2,3
1 Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA;
2 Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;
3 Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA;
4 Centre International de Recherches Medicales, Franceville, Gabon;
5 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD;
6 New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA
In contrast to lentiviral infections of humans and macaques, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of natural hosts is nonpathogenic despite high levels of viral replication. However, the mechanisms underlying this absence of disease are unknown. Here we report that natural hosts for SIV infection express remarkably low levels of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells isolated from blood, lymph nodes, and mucosal tissues. Given that this immunologic feature is found in 5 different species of natural SIV hosts (sooty mangabeys, African green monkeys, mandrills, sun-tailed monkeys, and chimpanzees) but is absent in 5 nonnatural/recent hosts (humans, rhesus, pigtail, cynomolgus macaques, and baboons), it may represent a key feature of the coevolution between the virus and its natural hosts that led to a nonpathogenic infection. Beneficial effects of low CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells may include the reduction of target cells for viral replication and a decreased homing of activated CD4+ T cells to inflamed tissue.

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