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Blood, 15 December 2007, Vol. 110, No. 13, pp. 4293-4302.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 15, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-05-088831.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Dendritic cells are specialized accessory cells along with TGF-β for the differentiation of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells from peripheral Foxp3– precursors
Sayuri Yamazaki1,
Anthony J. Bonito1,
Radek Spisek2,
Madhav Dhodapkar2,
Kayo Inaba3, and
Ralph M. Steinman1
1 Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center of Immunology and Immune Disease, and
2 Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and
3 Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells are produced in the thymus (natural T regs) but can also differentiate from peripheral Foxp3–CD4+ precursors (induced or adaptive T regs). We assessed antigen presenting cell (APC) requirements for the latter differentiation. With added transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, both immature and mature populations of dendritic cells (DCs) induced antigen-specific Foxp3+ T regs from Foxp3– precursors. Using endogenous TGF-β, DCs from gut-associated mesenteric lymph nodes were capable of differentiating Foxp3+T regs. Spleen DCs were 100-fold more potent than DC-depleted APCs for the induction of T regs and required 10-fold lower doses of peptide antigen. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was essential, but could be provided endogenously by T cells stimulated by DCs, but not other APCs. The required IL-2 was induced by DCs that expressed CD80/CD86 costimulatory molecules. The DC-induced Foxp3+T regs divided up to 6 times in 6 days and were comprised of CD62L and CD103 positive and negative forms. The induced Foxp3+T regs exerted suppression in vitro and blocked tumor immunity in vivo. These results indicate that DCs are specialized to differentiate functional peripheral Foxp3+T regs and help set the stage to use DCs to actively suppress the immune response in an antigen-specific manner.
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