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Blood, 1 August 2007, Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 1064-1072.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 20, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-12-063982.


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TRANSPLANTATION

IFN{gamma} differentially controls the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome and GVHD of the gastrointestinal tract

Angela C. Burman1, Tatjana Banovic1, Rachel D. Kuns1, Andrew D. Clouston2, Amanda C. Stanley1, Edward S. Morris1, Vanessa Rowe1, Helen Bofinger1, Renae Skoczylas1, Neil Raffelt1, Olivier Fahy3, Shaun R. McColl3, Christian R. Engwerda1, Kelli P. A. McDonald1, and Geoffrey R. Hill1,4

1 Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston; 2 Histopath Pathology, Strathfield, New South Wales; 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; 4 Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia

Although proinflammatory cytokines are key mediators of tissue damage during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), IFN{gamma} has previously been attributed with both protective and pathogenic effects. We have resolved this paradox by using wild-type (wt), IFN{gamma}–/–, and IFN{gamma}R–/– mice as donors or recipients in well-described models of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We show that donor-derived IFN{gamma} augments acute GVHD via direct effects on (1) the donor T cell to promote T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation and (2) the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to augment inflammatory cytokine generation. However, these detrimental effects are overwhelmed by a protective role of IFN{gamma} in preventing the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). This is the result of direct effects on pulmonary parenchyma to prevent donor cell migration and expansion within the lung. Thus, IFN{gamma} is the key cytokine differentially controlling the development of IPS and gastrointestinal GVHD after allogeneic SCT.


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