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Blood, 15 September 2007, Vol. 110, No. 6, pp. 2193-2196.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 19, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-04-084434.
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RED CELLS
Brief Report
A novel erythrocytosis-associated PHD2 mutation suggests the location of a HIF binding groove
Melanie J. Percy1,
Paul W. Furlow2,
Philip A. Beer3,
Terence R. J. Lappin4,
Mary Frances McMullin1,4, and
Frank S. Lee2
1 Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom;
2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia;
3 Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
4 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
The molecular basis of the erythrocytosis group of red cell disorders is incompletely defined. Some cases are due to dysregulation of erythropoietin (Epo) synthesis. The hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) tightly regulates Epo synthesis. HIF in turn is regulated through its  subunit, which under normoxic conditions is hydroxylated on specific prolines and targeted for degradation by the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein. Several mutations in VHL have been reported in erythrocytosis, but only 1 mutation in the HIF prolyl hydroxylase PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2) has been described. Here, we report a novel PHD2 mutation, Arg371His, which causes decreased HIF binding, HIF hydroxylase, and HIF inhibitory activities. In the tertiary structure of PHD2, Arg371 lies close to the previously described Pro317Arg mutation site. These findings substantiate PHD2 as a critical enzyme controlling HIF and therefore Epo in humans, and furthermore suggest the location of an active site groove in PHD2 that binds HIF.
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