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Blood, 15 October 2007, Vol. 110, No. 8, pp. 2899-2906.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 5, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-01-064428.


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HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Nucleolin is a receptor that mediates antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of endostatin

Hubing Shi1, Yujie Huang1, Hao Zhou1, Xiaomin Song1, Shaopeng Yuan1, Yan Fu1, and Yongzhang Luo1

1 Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The exact molecular mechanism of how endostatin inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth remains uncharacterized. Here, we report that endostatin specifically binds to the cell surface nucleolin with high affinity. Blockage of nucleolin by a neutralizing antibody or knockdown of nucleolin by the RNA interference results in loss of antiendothelial activities of endostatin. Importantly, a neutralizing antinucleolin antibody abrogates the antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of endostatin in vivo. Nucleolin and endostatin are colocalized on the cell surface of endothelial cells of angiogenic blood vessels in the tumor environment. Finally, we found that endostatin is internalized and transported into cell nuclei of endothelial cell via nucleolin. In the nucleus, the phosphorylation of nucleolin, which is critical for cell proliferation, can be inhibited by endostatin. Our studies demonstrate that nucleolin is a novel functional receptor for endostatin, and mediates the antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of endostatin. These findings also provide mechanistic insights of how endostatin specifically inhibits proliferating endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis.


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