| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Blood, 1 November 2007, Vol. 110, No. 9, pp. 3234-3244. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 31, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-03-079152.
IMMUNOBIOLOGY Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response in vitro and in vivo1 Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Notre Dame, IN; 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, IN
Intracellular pathogens and the molecules they express have limited contact with the immune system. Here, we show that macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M bovis BCG, Salmonella typhimurium, or Toxoplasma gondii release from cells small vesicles known as exosomes which contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These exosomes, when exposed to uninfected macrophages, stimulate a proinflammatory response in a Toll-like receptor– and myeloid differentiation factor 88–dependent manner. Further, exosomes isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of M bovis BCG–infected mice contain the mycobacteria components lipoarabinomannan and the 19-kDa lipoprotein and can stimulate TNF-
This article has been cited by other articles:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Copyright © 2007 by American Society of Hematology Online ISSN: 1528-0020 | |||||||||