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Blood, 15 June 2008, Vol. 111, No. 12, pp. 5457-5466.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 28, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-01-136895.


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CHEMOKINES, CYTOKINES, AND INTERLEUKINS

Chemokine-mediated rapid turnover of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice

Yasushi Sawanobori1,*, Satoshi Ueha1,*, Makoto Kurachi1, Takeshi Shimaoka1, James E. Talmadge2, Jun Abe1, Yusuke Shono1, Masahiro Kitabatake1, Kazuhiro Kakimi3, Naofumi Mukaida4, and Kouji Matsushima1

1 Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; 3 Department of Immunotherapeutics (Medinet), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and 4 Divisions of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

Tumor growth is associated with aberrant myelopoiesis, including the accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that have the potential to promote tumor growth. However, the identity, growth, and migration of tumor-associated MDSCs remain undefined. We demonstrate herein that MDSCs at tumor site were composed primarily of bone marrow-derived CD11b+Gr-1hiLy-6Cint neutrophils and CD11b+Gr-1int/dullLy-6Chi macrophages. Unexpectedly, in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and parabiosis experiments revealed that tumor-infiltrating macrophages were replenished more rapidly than neutrophils. CCR2 deficiency caused striking conversion of infiltrating cellular dominance from macrophages to neutrophils in the tumor with the excessive production of CXCR2 ligands and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the tumor without affecting tumor growth. Overall, our data established the identity and dynamics of MDSCs in a tumor-bearing host mediated by chemokines and elucidated unexpected effects of the paucity of macrophages on tumor development.


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