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Blood, 15 November 2008, Vol. 112, No. 10, pp. 4220-4226.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 28, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-01-136366.


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NEOPLASIA

Activating mutations in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Sébastien Malinge1,2,*, Christine Ragu1,2,*, Veronique Della-Valle1, Didier Pisani3,4, Stefan N. Constantinescu5, Christelle Perez1,2, Jean-Luc Villeval3,4, Dirk Reinhardt6, Judith Landman-Parker7, Lucienne Michaux8, Nicole Dastugue9, André Baruchel10, William Vainchenker3,4, Jean-Pierre Bourquin11, Virginie Penard-Lacronique1,2, and Olivier A. Bernard1,2

1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM), E0210, Paris, France; 2 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; 3 INSERM, U790, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; 4 Université Paris XI, Orsay, France; 5 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; 6 Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany; 7 Service d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; 8 Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; 9 Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; 10 Service d'hématologie pédiatrique Hôpital St Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France; and 11 Division of Oncology, Universitaets-Kinderklinik Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Oncogenic activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is recurrent in human leukemia. To gain insight into the oncogenic process leading to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), we performed sequence analyses of a subset of oncogenes known to be activated in human myeloid and myeloproliferative disorders. In a series of human AMKL samples from both Down syndrome and non–Down syndrome patients, mutations were identified within KIT, FLT3, JAK2, JAK3, and MPL genes, with a higher frequency in DS than in non-DS patients. The novel mutations were analyzed using BaF3 cells, showing that JAK3 mutations were activating mutations. Finally, we report a novel constitutively active MPL mutant, MPLT487A, observed in a non–Down syndrome childhood AMKL that induces a myeloproliferative disease in mouse bone marrow transplantation assay.


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