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Blood, 15 August 2008, Vol. 112, No. 4, pp. 1530-1538. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 6, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-08-106500. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: blood-2007-08-106500v1 112/4/1530    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Opiela, S. J. Articles by Adkins, B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Opiela, S. J. Articles by Adkins, B. Related Collections Transplantation Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  TRANSPLANTATION Murine neonates develop vigorous in vivo cytotoxic and Th1/Th2 responses upon exposure to low doses of NIMA-like alloantigens Shannon J. Opiela1, Robert B. Levy1, and Becky Adkins1 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL Early life exposure to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) may occur via transplacental transfer and/or breast milk. There are indications that early life exposure to NIMAs may lead to lifelong tolerance. However, there is mounting evidence that exposure to NIMAs may also lead to immunologic priming. Understanding how these different responses arise could be critical in transplantation with donor cells expressing NIMAs. We recently reported that murine neonates that received a transplant of low doses of NIMA-like alloantigens develop vigorous memory cytotoxic responses, as assessed by in vitro assays. Here, we demonstrate that robust allospecific cytotoxicity is also manifest in vivo. Importantly, at low doses, NIMA-expressing cells induced the development of in vivo cytotoxicity during the neonatal period. NIMA-exposed neonates also developed vigorous primary and memory allospecific Th1/Th2 responses that exceeded the responses of adults. Overall, we conclude that exposure to low doses of NIMA-like alloantigens induces robust in vivo cytotoxic and Th1/Th2 responses in neonates. These findings suggest that early exposure to low levels of NIMA may lead to long-term immunologic priming of all arms of T-cell adaptive immunity, rather than tolerance. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: S. J. Opiela, T. Koru-Sengul, and B. Adkins Murine neonatal recent thymic emigrants are phenotypically and functionally distinct from adult recent thymic emigrants Blood, May 28, 2009; 113(22): 5635 - 5643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] K. Aoyama, M. Koyama, K.-i. Matsuoka, D. Hashimoto, T. Ichinohe, M. Harada, K. Akashi, M. Tanimoto, and T. Teshima Improved outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation due to breastfeeding-induced tolerance to maternal antigens Blood, February 19, 2009; 113(8): 1829 - 1833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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