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Blood, 1 October 2008, Vol. 112, No. 7, pp. 2826-2835. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 29, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-05-159301. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: blood-2008-05-159301v1 112/7/2826    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Brenchley, J. M. Articles by Douek, D. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Brenchley, J. M. Articles by Douek, D. C. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  IMMUNOBIOLOGY Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections Jason M. Brenchley1,*, Mirko Paiardini2,*, Kenneth S. Knox3,4, Ava I. Asher1, Barbara Cervasi2, Tedi E. Asher1, Phillip Scheinberg1, David A. Price1,5, Chadi A. Hage3,4, Lisa M. Kholi3, Alexander Khoruts6, Ian Frank2, James Else7, Timothy Schacker6, Guido Silvestri2,*, and Daniel C. Douek1,* 1 Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis; 4 Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; 5 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom; 6 Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and 7 Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA Acute HIV infection is characterized by massive loss of CD4 T cells from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Th17 cells are critical in the defense against microbes, particularly at mucosal surfaces. Here we analyzed Th17 cells in the blood, GI tract, and broncheoalveolar lavage of HIV-infected and uninfected humans, and SIV-infected and uninfected sooty mangabeys. We found that (1) human Th17 cells are specific for extracellular bacterial and fungal antigens, but not common viral antigens; (2) Th17 cells are infected by HIV in vivo, but not preferentially so; (3) CD4 T cells in blood of HIV-infected patients are skewed away from a Th17 phenotype toward a Th1 phenotype with cellular maturation; (4) there is significant loss of Th17 cells in the GI tract of HIV-infected patients; (5) Th17 cells are not preferentially lost from the broncheoalveolar lavage of HIV-infected patients; and (6) SIV-infected sooty mangabeys maintain healthy frequencies of Th17 cells in the blood and GI tract. These observations further elucidate the immunodeficiency of HIV disease and may provide a mechanistic basis for the mucosal barrier breakdown that characterizes HIV infection. Finally, these data may help account for the nonprogressive nature of nonpathogenic SIV infection in sooty mangabeys. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: E. Billerbeck, N. Nakamoto, B. Seigel, H. E. Blum, K.-M. Chang, and R. Thimme Determinants of in vitro expansion of different human virus-specific FoxP3+ regulatory CD8+ T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2009; 90(7): 1692 - 1701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. L. V. Westhorpe, J. Zhou, N. L. Webster, B. Kalionis, S. R. Lewin, A. Jaworowski, W. A. Muller, and S. M. Crowe Effects of HIV-1 infection in vitro on transendothelial migration by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2009; 85(6): 1027 - 1035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L.-a. Pirofski and A. Casadevall Rethinking T cell immunity in oropharyngeal candidiasis J. Exp. Med., February 16, 2009; 206(2): 269 - 273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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