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 Blood, 1 November 2008, Vol. 112, No. 9, pp. 3704-3712.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 8, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-06-160945.

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IMMUNOBIOLOGY

IL-7 and IL-15 differentially regulate CD8+ T-cell subsets during contraction of the immune response

Mark P. Rubinstein1, Nicholas A. Lind1, Jared F. Purton2, Pauline Filippou1, J. Adam Best1, Patrick A. McGhee1, Charles D. Surh2, and Ananda W. Goldrath1

1 Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and 2 Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA

Although it is known that interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-15 influence the survival and turnover of CD8+ T cells, less is known about how these cytokines affect different subsets during the course of the immune response. We find that IL-7 and IL-15 differentially regulate CD8+ T-cell subsets defined by KLRG1 and CD127 expression during the contraction phase of the immune response. The provision of IL-15, or the related cytokine IL-2, during contraction led to the preferential accumulation of KLRG1hiCD127lo CD8+ T cells, whereas provision of IL-7 instead favored the accumulation of KLRG1loCD127hi cells. While IL-7 and IL-15 both induced proliferation of KLRG1lo cells, KLRG1hi cells exhibited an extraordinarily high level of resistance to cytokine-driven proliferation in vivo despite their dramatic accumulation upon IL-15 administration. These results suggest that IL-15 and IL-2 greatly improve the survival of KLRG1hi CD8+ T cells, which are usually destined to perish during contraction, without inducing proliferation. As the availability of IL-15 and IL-2 is enhanced during periods of extended inflammation, our results suggest a mechanism in which a population of cytokine-dependent KLRG1hi CD8+ T cells is temporarily retained for improved immunity. Consideration of these findings may aid in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious disease and cancer.


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